Breeding deer

The velvet deer's physiological characteristics of sexual maturity and appropriate initial mating with age-maturing are reproductive physiology maturation, when deer can produce mature sperm and eggs and have sexual behavior. The sexual maturity of velvet deer is related to such factors as breed, type, sex, genetic condition, nutritional status, and individual development. Sika deer is earlier than red deer, and females are earlier than males. The deer of the same species has good nutritional status and rapid sexual development. . General maturation period: The plum doe is about 16 months old. A well-developed deer reaches sexual maturity at 7 months of age. The male deer is about 20 months old; red deer is about 28 months old, but some deer is 16 months old. That is to achieve sexual maturity.

The suitable initial age is 16 months for the plum deer and 40 months for the male deer (three sawed deer); the deer is 28 months old and the deer is 40 months old (three saws).

The estrus rudimental estrus deer is a seasonal estrus animal. In the northern part of our country (north latitude 40 degrees north), the estrus season of the velvet deer is from September to December, and individual cervix is ​​sustainable from February to March of the following year. . Two to three estrus cycles occur throughout the mating period. However, the normal estrus of the deer is from September 15 to November 15 and the estrus is from September 25 to October 20. The deer breeding period can be about 10 days in advance. The specific time is September 5. ~ November 10, the peak period is September 15 to October 10. About 80% of the velvet deer can conceive within the first estrus cycle.

The interval between two ovulations before and after the estrus cycle is called the estrus cycle. The sika deer is 12 days to 16 days, and the red deer is 16 days to 20 days. The estrus cycle is also related to factors such as age, health status, and external environment. The young and healthy deer are slightly shorter, and vice versa.

The estrus duration is the duration of each estrus. The sika deer is 24 hours to 36 hours. The estrus period is 11 hours to 24 hours after estrus. The estrus is 24 hours or so and the estrus period is 6 hours to 7 hours after the estrus. .

The estrus performance includes behavior, reproductive tract and ovarian changes. The deer's estrus manifested itself as fighting, grinding horns, curling lips, squatting, thickening of the neck circumference, top people or things, squawking, loss of appetite, and urination while twitching the penis. The deer's estrus performance was initially disturbed by excitement and swiftness, barking, and sometimes barking, willing to approach the male deer but refused to match; the estrus appeared to stand still, raise its tail, accept the climb, often show tears The nest is open, the tail is frequently urinated, the vulva swollen, the egg white mucus flows out, the cheeky cub, or the head licking male deer, and the mating posture is adopted to accept male deer mating; at the end of estrus, the doe becomes stable and refuses to match. The vulva mucus changes from egg white to orange, and finally reddish brown, and dries on the pubic hair.

According to the performance of the deer, it can be judged whether it is heat. In recent years, red deer used ovary-like methods to determine the estrus status; it can also be used to determine the estrus of a female deer, that is, using a male deer of the same species to carry out penile surgery or to put on a trial cloth. , and then into the deer group, if the doe does not stand, accept the climb, that the doe is close to ovulation, this time out of the test situation deer, into a species of deer or artificial insemination, can guarantee basic pregnancy .

Preparation of breeding and breeding of velvet deer First of all, good selection of male deer should be selected according to the antler condition, seed application ability and breeding direction of the past years, age 3 saws ~ 7 saw, energetic, strong sexual desire, good semen quality, high production volume Kind of male deer. Requirements of production volume: Sika deer saw the standard three velvet fresh weight of 3.5 kg or more, red deer 5.5 kg (three tons) or 7.5 kg (four tons), and strengthened after mid-July Kind of male deer breeding.

The breeding doe should be weaned in mid-August and be grouped according to age, body condition, and breeding plan (15 to 18 per deer and 10 to 12 per deer). The doe should also be raised and raised. The breeding period should reach the upper and middle levels of sensation, but it should not be too fat, and the deer's deer should be reasonably arranged to prepare the breeding records.

The mating methods of velvet deer breeding group group group mating method, single male and female mating method (also divided into a match with the middle of the replacement of two), the trial of the mating method, timing of breeding and artificial insemination method. However, the commonly used method is a single public group match method. The specific method is that sika deer should put a species of male deer inside a group of deer on September 10 and around September 5, if there is no special situation for the male deer, it will be distributed till the end of breeding. However, if there are fewer male deer species, trial breeding or timing breeding can be used. The male deer and the trial deer will be housed separately in a small circle. From 4 to 6 o'clock in the morning and from 16 to 18 o'clock in the evening, the male deer or male deer will be placed in a doe house to look for heat. The deer is then bred, and each time it is confirmed that there is no estrus, the deer is rushed back into the circle and the trial ends. This method can maximize the breeding performance of excellent male deer species. Each species of male deer can be assigned 35 or so doe in one breeding period. At the same time, the genealogy of the offspring is clear, but the workload is greater.

The problems that should be noticed in the deer breeding work are: to prevent close relatives in the selection of male and female deer, and to prevent the male and female deer of the same character from mating. The male and female deer should not be mated at first; the male deer should be replaced in the middle. Keep it alone, otherwise it will be vulnerable to other male deer attacks because of its estrus-like odor. At the end of breeding, choose sunny day. Depart the public deer before 8 o'clock in the morning and appoint a person to take care of it. Fight, cause losses.

Causes of female deer infertility and the reasons for infertility are more complicated, but there are roughly the following reasons:

Congenital infertility. Primarily due to poor reproductive organs, such deer should be eliminated as soon as possible.

Nutritional infertility. Due to poor disease or poor husbandry, the deer's condition is so poor that the embryos and even the follicles do not develop normally, so they cannot conceive, or disappear after conception. Such deer can be fully propagated by treating diseases and strengthening rearing so that it can reach a nutritional level above average. However, for certain infectious diseases that seriously threaten the deer, they should be eliminated.

Infertility due to inbreeding, over-sized doe, or large deer herd may be taken in a targeted manner to increase the survival rate of the deer.

The velvet deer's pregnancy and mating gestation doe after mating, and then no longer estrus, generally can be considered to be pregnant. In addition, from the appearance that the appetite of pregnant deer increases, the sensation is getting better and better, the hair color is bright, the temperament becomes docile, and the operation is cautious and secure. By March to April of next year, 90% of the abdomen is obviously enlarged before eating. The above is pregnancy. The length of the antler is related to the type of velvet deer, the sex and quantity of the fetus, the feeding method, and the nutritional level. The average number of deer deer is 2296 days, that of Huaigong Lamb is 2315 days, that of pregnant mothers is 2286 days, and that of twins is 2246 days, which is about 5 days shorter than that of a single fetus; the gestation period of all types of red deer is basically the same, such as the Northeast Red Deer In 2436 days, 2,447 Tianshan red deers, including 2454 days of Huaigong Lam and 2415 days of Huaimu Lamb.

The childbearing period of the deer sika deer and red deer is basically the same, generally from the beginning of May to the beginning of July, and the gestation period of childbirth is from May 25 to June 15. However, the childbirth period is also related to the age of the deer, the area in which it is located, or the feeding conditions. The formula for forecasting the childbirth period is mainly based on the date of mating and the number of days of pregnancy. Usually the spotted deer is reduced by 4, and the day is reduced by 13, and the deer month is reduced by 4 and the day plus 1 can calculate the birth date.

Childbirth performance Breast enlargement before childbirth, usually 266 days from the start of enlargement to delivery, 1 day or 2 days before childbirth, diet or hunger strike, licking, looking for delivery site, individual deer squeaking, collapse, frequency In urine, egg white mucus flows out from the vaginal opening at the time of childbirth, repeatedly crawling and standing, and then discharges the pale yellow blister to produce the fetus. After a few deer or evil deer have seen the otters, they are terrified and hurry to circulate or run. Most of the deer's deer were born with their heads and two forelimbs exposed. A few deer's two hind legs and buttocks were exposed first. In addition to the above two kinds of fetal position are abnormal fetal position, need midwifery.

The normal production process produces a female deer for half an hour to 2 hours. The first production of doe is 3 hours to 4 hours.

Cautions during childbirth Period The birthing ring requires cleanliness. Thoroughly sterilize the maternity period before the arrival of the childbirth period and pamper the grass. The birth ring should be disinfected once every 10 days throughout the period of production.

The period of childbirth should be kept quiet, and I would not visit.

During the childbirth period, special care should be set up, and if it is found that dystocia should be dealt with in a timely manner, it is necessary to take timely measures to find evil calf deer, and should pay close attention to all kinds of abnormalities of postpartum deer, and treat the sick when it is timely.

A deer protection bar should be set in the lap of the lactation period.

The childbirth record should be filled in.

The technical measures to improve the survival rate of antler deer breeding are closely related to the selection and matching of selection work based on the selection of breeding male and female deer. It is a unified process of continuously improving the quality of deer and the entire species. For the two consecutive links, the selection must be based on the deer's appearance, physical fitness, production performance, variety sources, and offspring quality. The matching is performed consciously according to people's needs to improve the deer's quality. Therefore, only the combination of both can improve the overall quality of the deer.

The female doe needs to have a best age structure. 77.3% of adult female deer should be occupied in the entire female deer group, 10.5% of breeding doe and 12.2% of female doe should be used for deer. The normal development of the group is favorable, otherwise there will be age faults and development disorders.

Reproductive deer should have a reasonable nutritional level of deer is only due to abnormal development of follicles are mostly empty, skinny deer can not be normal estrus, ovulation, so the deer should be scientific and rational breeding.

Timely and rational elimination of male and female deer breeding and deer rearing The deer productivity is very low, does not meet the direction of breeding, there must be timely elimination of evil spirits, etc., otherwise it will affect the deer industry economic efficiency and development.

The number of males and females that are reasonably arranged to match the population is larger than that of the female deer and exceeds the bearing capacity of male deer breeding. There will be a phenomenon of “leakage”, especially the red deer, which is bulky and heavy and cannot bear the burden of continuous breeding. Therefore, a large number of doe will result in a low fertility rate.

It is important to strengthen the feeding and management of pregnant doe, maintain proper nutrition level, do not change the deer house easily, and avoid sudden disturbance, whipping and sticking.

All kinds of work during the childbirth period should be done to increase the survival rate of the deer.

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