Grape flowering and fruit management
First, strengthen fertilizer and water management.
In production, fertilizer and water management must be carried out according to the phenological period of grape growth and development. In addition to the deep plowing, fertilization and improvement of the soil when the grapes are planted, fertilization and irrigation should be carried out in accordance with the grape growth and development requirements at each growth stage.
1. Before the vine is unearthed and germinated, quick-acting fertilizers, such as urea and decomposing human feces and urine, should be chased for irrigation.
2. During the growth period of new shoots and leaves, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers must be topdressed for irrigation to urge the shoots to grow. In the growing season, the foliar dressing is also carried out. This is a good method for quick recovery, low loss, and labor and fertilizer saving. After 3 to 5 days after the general foliar fertilizer application, new shoots and leaves can become dark green and improve photosynthetic efficiency. The concentration of topdressing applied outside the roots is 0.2%~0.3% for urea, 1%~3% for superphosphate soak, 0.3%~0.5% for potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, and borax, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and manganese sulfate. Such as 0.1% to 0.3%. The above fertilizer can be mixed with Bordeaux mixture except for superphosphate.
3. After the natural physiological fruit drop, enter the fruit expansion period, the need for more fertilizer, water, root decomposed human feces, urine, foliar combined with disease prevention and spraying plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate quick-acting fertilizer, combined with irrigation .
4. In the period of fruit coloring, prevention of white rot, downy mildew and powdery mildew, spraying thiophanate-methyl should be mixed with urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; during this period, the grapes need more water, and the north should pay attention to irrigation.
Second, loosening fruit spikes and fruit.
In production, the yield of grapes is negatively correlated with the quality of the fruit. Generally, the yield of grapes is low, the quality of the fruit is better, and if the yield is too high, the quality is reduced. The yield of grapes is composed of ear and fruit, which is related to the size of the ear and the size of the fruit. Therefore, it is necessary to further adjust the output through the sparse fruit ear and the sparse fruit grains so as to improve the quality and efficiency.
1. Period of sparse and sparse fruit. In order to further reduce the needless consumption of nutrients, the sparse spikes can be estimated when the number of inflorescences or spikes per square meter is estimated after the natural physiological fruit drop of the grapes. Generally, 4 to 5 ears per square meter are left on the surface of the scaffold, and 5 to 6 ear per square meter are left on the stand. The sparse fruit pellets are first subjected to fruit thinning when the fruit grows to the size of the soybean granules; when the granules enter the hard nucleus stage, the second fruit thinning can be seen when the fruit granules are sized. Thinning of fruit should be done too much or too little and malformed fruit.
2. Methods for sparsely growing fruit and grains. On the basis of eliminating redundant inflorescences, we must also check the amount of production on the shelves. If there is too much overload, it is important to remove excess fruit or fruit as soon as possible. According to production experience, each kilogram of fruit produced must have 1.5 to 2.5 square meters of leaf area in order to ensure that the quality of the berry is good and the sugar content of the fruit is 16 to 17 degrees. Because the fruit quality and yield have a great correlation with the leaf area size. Usually the leaf area is large, the yield is high and the quality is good.
Third, spray boron fertilizer to increase production.
Boron is a natural mineral that is one of the trace elements needed for plant growth and development. It is an important component of the grapevine body and is the most abundant flower organ. Boron promotes the operation of carbohydrates, stimulates pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, which facilitates the smooth progress of pollination and fertilization and the formation of berries, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate. Boron can also increase vitamin and sugar content in fruits and improve quality; increase photosynthesis intensity, increase chlorophyll content, promote new shoot phloem and xylem growth, increase the number of catheters, and accelerate the ripening of shoots. Therefore, about 10 days before flowering and flowering, it is necessary to spray borax solution with a concentration of 0.2%~0.3% on the foliar; to control black pox, gray mold and cobs with carbendazim, chlorothalonil and other agents. In the case of brown blight, add boron and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. In this way, the fruit set rate of grapes can be significantly increased.
Fourth, spray rare earth and hormones.
1 spray rare earth. Foliar application of rare earth liquid not only increased the yield significantly, but also increased the sugar content of the fruit by spraying a 0.05% rare earth nitrate solution during the softening period of the berry and spraying it twice. After the liquid is sprayed, it should be protected from sun exposure or washed by rain so as not to reduce the efficacy.
2 spray hormones. In the softening period of the grape fruit, spraying and regulating hormones such as phosphorus and chemodin can increase the glucose level of the fruit. The optimum spraying concentration is: the adjustment of phosphorus is 60010-6; and the application of miraculin is 1,200,010-6.
Fifth, promote coloring to promote early maturity.
1 control tip. For the strong growth potential shoots, twisting the upper inflorescence before flowering, or leaving 5-6 leaves to pick up the heart, can increase the fruit setting rate.
2 sparse. When the berries begin to color, the old leaves at the base of the new shoots are removed, the invalid shoots covering the ear are removed, the conditions for ventilation and light transmission are improved, and the coloration of the berries is promoted.
3 tendrils. The tendrils consume the nutrients in the body, and often entangle the vines and fruits, hindering the growth and development of the plants. Therefore, the tendrils should be kept at 1 cm when young.
4 ring cut. Prior to berry coloration, circumcision at the base of the resulting pedicel or at the base of the resulting twigs can promote berry coloration and mature 7 to 10 days in advance.
5 ear bags. In areas with lower temperatures, when the inflorescences stretch out, use a special film bag of grapes to put on the inflorescence, until the young fruit fall off, tear the bottom of the bag and change the “bag†to “tubeâ€. This method can make the grapes mature earlier 15 days and prevent cracking.
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