Common Fruit Damage and Remedial Measures

In the process of orchard production and management, excessive spraying of pesticides, misfiring, or fake pesticides can cause phytotoxicity. If no immediate remedial measures are taken, lighter parties will affect the production of fruit trees and cause a reduction in production. In severe cases, fruit trees will die. The common phytotoxicity and remedial measures of fruit trees are as follows. First, the common phytotoxicity 1, increase the amount of drugs produced by the phytotoxicity: a wide range of pesticides, such as pesticides, acaricides, fungicides, nematicides, growth regulators, herbicides, rodenticides and so on. According to the object of control and the performance of pesticides, appropriate pesticides, concentration of the drug solution, dosage per acre, and times of drug use must be exceeded. The concentration and dosage required will inevitably produce phytotoxicity, which is lower than the control concentration and dosage. Some control effects must be used strictly according to the instructions, and it is absolutely not allowed to arbitrarily reduce or increase the use concentration of pesticides. 2. The phytotoxicity that appears after mixing: Some pesticides do not show decomposition or failure of pesticides after mixing, which can improve the efficacy of pesticides. However, some pesticides cause the destruction of the emulsified state after mixing and cause phytotoxicity. For example, dimethoate, zeosin, methyl 1605, thiram, and thiram that are easily decomposed under alkaline conditions cannot be mixed with alkaline lime sulfur or Bordeaux mixture. After mixing Bordeaux mixture with lime sulfur, copper polysulfide and soluble copper ions increase to precipitate. Preparation of Bordeaux liquid with limestone moisture will also appear phytotoxicity. 3, single use of a pharmaceutical agent appeared in the injury: a single use of an agent to control pests and diseases, easy to produce drug resistance, in the control effect is not ideal when added to the concentration of liquid drug prone to injury. Therefore, different types of pesticides have to be used interchangeably. 4, the emergence of pesticide time spraying: noon in the hot day, the temperature is high, this time spraying easily prone to injury. The best spraying time is between 8-9 AM (after dew is dry) or 4-5 PM no wind or small wind days. 5. Phytotoxicity caused by different resistance to tree species: Apples, pears, walnuts, chestnuts, jujube and citrus are more resistant to drugs. Grapes, peaches, plums, plums, apricots and cherries are weak in drug resistance. They are not resistant to tree species. The size and concentration of pesticides can also cause phytotoxicity. Peaches, plums, apricots, plums and other stone fruit trees used in the growing phase of lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture, dimethoate, phospholipids, arsenic preparations prone to phytotoxicity, dimethoate Kiwifruit is very sensitive, apples, pears, persimmons, hawthorns, and grapes used in the growth phase of the Bordeaux mixture are prone to phytotoxicity (using low or equal amounts) and are noted during growth. Therefore, the spraying of pesticides guarantees the prevention and control effect and achieves provincial medicine, labor saving and money saving for human and livestock safety, and does not pollute the environment. Second, the remedial measures 1, water spray: When found in the drug injury should immediately spray water to wash the affected plants to dilute and rinse the pesticides attached to the leaves and branches, reduce the content of pesticides inside and outside the tree, the earlier this measure, the more The better the timely effect. 2. Spraying and neutralizing injury: If the injury is caused by whitening of the leaves, the 50% granular sodium humate 3000 times solution can be used for foliar spray, and the leaves will gradually turn green after 3-5 days. The harm caused by copper ions in Bordeaux's liquid can be sprayed with 0.5-1% lime aqueous solution to eliminate the harm of phytotoxicity. The phytotoxicity produced by lime sulfur mixture is based on the spray of water, and then sprayed with 400-500 times of rice vinegar. Aqueous solution, tetrogenic phytotoxicity, spraying 0.2% of zinc sulfate. The use of dimethoate improperly appears, spray 200 times borax solution 1-2 times. If misuse or excessive use of organic phosphorus, pyrethroids, urethane pesticides caused by phytotoxicity, can spray 0.5-1.% of the lime solution or the same concentration of detergent or soapy water. The phytotoxicity of the growth inhibitor paclobutrazol (PP333) was sprayed with 50-100ppm gibberellin (90%), a growth promoter, to control the dried insect pests of Tianniu and Jidingzao due to the concentration of the drug solution. The harm caused by high levels immediately removes the damaged middle and small fruit branches, prevents the continued penetration and conduction of chemicals, and relieves the phytotoxicity by flooding the large branches and trunks with pressurized injection holes. In addition, the orchard soil uses excessive sterilization, Insecticides and herbicides produce phytotoxicity that requires field irrigation and drainage to reduce injury. 3. Strengthen field management in orchards: After the fruit trees are damaged by phytotoxicity, their growth is hindered and their growth is weakened. After remedial measures are taken, fertilizers must be applied in a timely manner. Topdressing with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, or other fertilizers or thin human urine can promote the damage of fruit trees as soon as possible. Restoring the tree. No matter what kind of injury, in the top of the dressing on the basis of spraying 0.3% urea plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, spray once every 15-17 days, continuous spraying 2-3 times the best effect. It is also necessary to carry out many times of weeding and loosing soil to improve the permeability of the soil, promote the development of the root system, and enhance the ability to restore fruit trees and resist virulence.

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