Feed Nutrition of Penaeus vannamei

Feed nutrient feed of Penaeus vannamei is the basis of energy metabolism and the material basis for survival and growth of shrimp. Understanding and mastering the need for food and nutrition of shrimps, developing a scientific and nutritionally complete feed, and scientifically feeding scientifically are the successes and failures of shrimp farming. The key lies. Penaeus vannamei has the advantages of fast growth and short breeding cycle. What is its nutritional requirement for feed? The results of aquaculture practices show that the first important ingredient in feed is protein. Protein is the main material for shrimps to make new cells and make up for the old cells. Proteins constitute various tissues of the shrimp body and also constitute an important component of enzymes and hormones. If the shrimp protein content is low, it will seriously affect the growth of shrimp. First, the demand of protein for shrimps The protein content of different types of shrimps and the same shrimps at different stages of growth are different. The results of different scholars' research are also different. This is related to the cultured environment and the muscles of shrimps. The acid composition is different. Generally, Japanese shrimps and Chinese shrimps have higher demand for protein, while Penaeus sinensis and Murray shrimp have low protein demand. Held in Penaeus vannamei, according to a report published by foreign scholar Andrews et al. in 1972, the demand for protein in the feed of Penaeus vannamei was 28%-32%. In 1999, Li Guangli et al. of Qingdao Ocean University analyzed different proteins for South American White. When the growth of shrimp was affected, it was pointed out that the most suitable protein level of P. vannamei was 39.75%-42.15%. Obviously their research results differ significantly from those of Andnews et al. Professor Guo Guangxiong of Taiwan University pointed out in his article “Control of Diseases and Diseases of White Shrimp” published in 1988 that the cultured white shrimp must use good feed and must contain high quality protein, otherwise the shrimp is susceptible to disease. In order to speed up the growth of shrimp, it can be fed with some fresh shellfish. The shellfish contains more than 61% crude protein and contains amino acids necessary for muscles. Therefore, the feed protein content of white shrimp should be Not less than 40%. Of course, the sea area environment in different regions is different from that of aquaculture, and the situation is not the same. In the extensive culture mode, high protein is not needed, and the extensive culture mainly depends on the natural biological feed in the sea area, and the artificial compound feed or the collocation feed has a small amount, so the protein requirement for the feed is not so high. It can be seen that the results of research conducted by different regions and scholars of the same species are different. In southern China, Penaeus vannamei was introduced in 1998. When Penaeus vannamei was newly introduced, it was reported that Penaeus vannamei has a rapid growth (it can be harvested after 50 days), strong disease resistance, strong adaptability, and long growth life. The protein requirements of feedstuffs are not high, easy to breed, etc. Some people understand that any feed can be used casually. From the results of production practice, this is not the case. It is a great misunderstanding. Penaeus vannamei grows fast. If there is not enough protein, shrimp cannot maintain normal life activities. Protein deficiency will cause serious obstacles to a series of physiological and biochemical processes of shrimp. Endocrine disorders, vitamin functions are destroyed, and many organisms are active. The synthesis of substances such as choline, acetylcholine, and the enzyme system is impaired, so that the growth of the shrimp is stagnant, severe, and even dead. It can be seen that the protein needed for Penaeus vannamei should be higher than that of Penaeus prawn, because the highest outbreak rate of Penaeus vannamei is, and if there is not enough protein, it cannot meet its rapid growth needs. Therefore, the protein content of feed is between 28% and 32%, which is not consistent with the rapid growth of P. vannamei. It should be said that such a low protein requirement is in the mode of extensive culture. For example, the Latin American white prawn cultured in Ecuador is mainly cultured for a period of up to 150 days. Therefore, the protein requirement for feed is not so high. Prawns can feed plankton and benthos from the ocean. Faced with high-level pools, semi-intensive farming, and semi-enclosed and closed farming modes, if low-protein diets are not enough, many nutrient-free diseases and diseases will be endemic. According to the author's investigations in Hainan, Zhanjiang, Guangxi, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Doumen, Fu Zexiong, a senior engineer at Qionghai Aquatic Technology Promotion Station in Hainan Province, cultured Penaeus vannamei in the unit test site in the Qionghai City. For the feed used for breeding, the number of shrimp No. 0 and No. 1, No. 2 in Yuehai Brand has a protein content of over 40%, a yield of 581.5 kg per mu, and a maximum yield of 882 kg per mu. (cultured for 93 days and 102 days). In the Pearl River Delta area, Doumen, Xinhui, and Dongguan have all succeeded in breeding Penaeus vannamei, and they also used the No. 2 material of the tiger shrimp, with a protein content of 41% or more. Professor Zhang Bangjie of the Board of Directors of the Guangdong Fisheries Society and Director of Disease Control and Prevention of the Marine Fisheries Bureau of Dongguan City also repeatedly stressed that the protein content of the cultured P. vannamei feed must be above 41% to meet the needs of healthy cultivation of P. vannamei. The author investigated and investigated the individual self-employed Mr. Feng in Doumen Town, Doumen Town, and he raised 4 ponds of Penaeus vannamei and used the feed of South American white prawns produced by a certain manufacturer. The protein content was 32%. The body length of the 40-day-old shrimp was only 6 cm, and the shrimp shell was soft and the bottom substance was seriously polluted. Later, the Zhuhai Sea Brand Feed was used, and the protein content was over 40%. The shrimp body reached 11 cm or more in 54 days of breeding. It can be seen that the level of protein content in feed plays an important role in the culture of Penaeus vannamei. II. Feed Nutrition, Environment and Diseases of Shrimp Farming
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