Complications in early life exacerbate the genetic risk of schizophrenia
According to a paper published online on the 28th in the British Journal of Nature and Medicine, a team of brain scientists in the United States found that early life complications (ELCs) may pass through the placenta and severely affect the genetic risk of schizophrenia. These findings signify that humans are further aware of the interaction between genes and the environment and highlight the importance of understanding the comprehensive role of susceptibility to schizophrenia.
The etiology of schizophrenia has so far been unknown. This is a serious mental disorder affecting about one percent of the world's population. It is the highest prevalence of mental illness. At present, it is believed that the susceptibility of individual psychology and adverse factors of the external environment have a certain impact on the occurrence and development of the disease. It is understood that genetics play a major role in the development of the disease, but animal and epidemiological studies have shown that the uterine environment may also be a cause.
This time, Daniel Weinberger, a scientist at the Lieber Brain Development Institute in the United States, and colleagues analyzed 2,885 patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. In this study, all subjects’ genetic information and medical history of early complications were available. Early life complications are potential adverse events that occur during pregnancy and childbirth or early childhood. The research team found that the association between genetic risk and schizophrenia was affected by early life complications.
The researchers observed that if there are complications in the early stages of life, the genetic risk explained susceptibility to schizophrenia more than five times higher than in the absence of early life complications. The team also found that genes associated with schizophrenia, which are affected by early complications in life, are highly expressed in the placenta; and in complex pregnancies, their expression tends to be abnormally regulated. The above results suggest that the interaction between genes and early complications in life may be mediated by the placenta.
The researchers said that these results show that in order to fully understand and ultimately treat schizophrenia, not only genetic risk but also prenatal care and placental health should be emphasized. (Reporter Zhang Mengran)
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