High-yield technology of eggplant High-fertilizer water is a necessary and sufficient condition for high-yield eggplant?
"Water and foot fullness" puts a good source, and eggplant likes water. The demand for fertilizer water is very large. Only by ensuring sufficient water and fertilizer supply can we effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases. Maximizing soil moisture is an important process. After filling the ditch and filling the water, the concentration of 15~30 kg per acre is 0.3% of ammonia bicarbonate, 10 kg of 0.15% phosphoric acid monoammonium and 10 kg concentration is 0.2. About 0.5% of potassium sulfate is evenly sprinkled in the ditch to ensure that the eggplant absorbs the nutrients completely.
If there is no shortage of water in the field, you can dig a nest between each of the four eggplants and put in the fully decomposed farmyard manure. After topdressing, you should increase the ventilation and prevent the effects of fertilizer damage. At the same time, it is necessary to increase soil permeability, reduce soil temperature, remove axillary buds in a timely manner, and retain the two largest leaves in the lower part of the plant. All other old leaves are removed.
Eggplant is an annual herb with a straight root system with a root depth of 50 cm and a lateral growth of 120 cm. Most of the roots are distributed within a 30 cm tillage layer. The growth temperature of eggplant is 20-30 °C, which can be planted all year round in the south. To achieve high quality and high yield, eggplant must be scientifically managed according to its growth habits.
First, choose good varieties. At present, the eggplant varieties suitable for planting in Guangdong are mainly resistant to green, disease-resistant, heat-resistant and rain-resistant, skin-purple red, white flesh and long stick. The varieties with a length of about 30 cm include Hongfeng, Changfeng, Zaofeng, Changyou, and Guilin long eggplant. The fruit is about 25 cm long and has Yuegao No. 2, Yuefeng and Shiqihong.
Among them, Hongfeng fruit grows up, is uniform, and has a beautiful appearance. Yueshen No. 2 is a variety of high resistance to bacterial wilt and Verticillium wilt; Yuefeng and Shiqihong are very good in color; Guilin long eggplant has high yield and disease resistance, but the flesh is blue.
Second, the land preparation. The seedbed and the planting site should be selected as the plot of the non-solanaceae crop, preferably in the paddy field, deep-plowed and exposed, and the sorghum of 30 cm or more.畦 wide bag ditch, double row planting 1.7 meters, single row planting 1 meter. The seedbed was sprayed with pentachloronitrobenzene or diclosan 500 times plus dichlorvos 800 times 7 to 10 days before sowing and covered with a film.
Third, apply enough base fertilizer. In the planting area, the base fertilizer should be applied. Generally, 1000-1500 kg of fully decomposed pig, beef and chicken manure, 80 kg of peanut bran, 50 kg of superphosphate, and 80 kg of lime are applied per mu, and applied at the time of creping. 1 to 2 days before sowing, use 20 kg of fully decomposed fine-grained farmyard manure plus compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer and mix well with the topsoil.
Fourth, the appropriate sowing. The suitable sowing date of the spring eggplant is from late October to November, and the seedling period is 60-70 days. The suitable sowing date of K. candelensis is from June to July, and the seedling period is 25-30 days. The off-season cultivation in cold and cold areas can be planted in March-April and transplanted in May. Generally, the amount of seeds per acre is 15-20 grams.
Fifth, cultivate strong seedlings. Seeds should be sterilized and dormant before planting. The disinfection method is as follows: soak the seeds with 10% trisodium phosphate or 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes, remove them and rinse with water for about 30 minutes to make the surface of the seeds clean and free of mucus; or soak the seeds with warm water at 55 ° C for 30 minutes.
The method of breaking dormancy is: using 1 g of gibberellin (920) to prepare a solution of 2 kg of water, soak the seeds in the solution for 4-5 hours, rinse with water for 10 minutes, drain, then sowing. When sowing, the soil should be dry. For uniform seeding, mix the seeds with dry sand or dry fire and mix with soil. After sowing, cover with dry sand or dry fire, with a thickness of about 0.5 cm.
The spring sowing temperature is low, and the film arch shed is used for heat preservation after sowing; the black mesh is cooled in summer and autumn so that the temperature in the shed is 15-20 ° C, and the soil is kept moist. Always check after sowing, remove weeds, spray once every 7-10 days after emergence. When the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, the dense seedlings are moved to a place where the seedlings are sparse or no seedlings, so as to ensure that the seedlings grow robustly. 6-7 pieces of true leaves can be planted, and the film or arch shed will be opened for refining 7 days before planting.
Sixth, reasonable close planting. The row spacing of the double row planting is 50-60 cm, the plant spacing is 50 cm, and 1000-1200 plants per acre are planted. The plant spacing of single row plants was 40 cm, and 800 plants per acre were planted. After planting, the root water should be drenched. After a week of slowing the seedlings, a small amount of water and fertilizer can be applied. At the same time, attention should be paid to checking the damage of the tiger and the occurrence of blight, and timely replenishing the seedlings.
Seven, timely pruning. When the flower buds appear in the plant, the soil is started. After the soil is transplanted, the bamboo vines and prunings are properly inserted. The first flower (root flower) on the main stem should be removed. Except for the first side branch below the root locust, the remaining side branches of the lower part of the main stem Remove all. For large fruit varieties, the branches of the upper part can be removed except for one branch under each inflorescence. For plants that grow too lush or cultivated too densely, some leaves should be removed to ensure normal fruit growth and fresh color.
Eight, fertilizer and water management. The eggplant roots are developed and vigorously born. The requirements for fertilizer and water are high, resistant to fertilizer, drought-tolerant, and intolerant, and fertilizer and water management must be strengthened. Apply less nitrogen fertilizer before fruit setting, and then topdress after fruit setting.
When cultivating soil, use compound fertilizer + urea 50 kg per acre, cooked peanut bran 25 kg, superphosphate + potassium chloride 50 kg, and apply between the two plants. Topdressing is generally applied once every 5-7 days. It can also be applied once every harvested fruit. The topdressing fertilizer uses 40 kg of compound fertilizer per acre, 20 kg of potassium chloride, or drenched people, animal waste, and after fruit setting. Spraying foliar fertilizer such as 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can promote green color of leaves, improve fruit quality, prolong harvest time and increase yield.
Nine, thinning flowers and thinning. There are two kinds of eggplants: main flower and secondary flower. The secondary flower must be removed to ensure the main flower result, so that the nutrient can be used intensively and the weight of single fruit can be increased. If you don't have time to remove the secondary flowers, you should remove the fruits of the secondary flowers in time.
X. Pest control. Common diseases of eggplant include: bacterial wilt, cotton blight, verticillium, brown streak, blight, stagnation, sclerotinia, and early blight. The main pests are red spider, sassafras, and scutellaria. In order to obtain high quality and high yield, we must pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Rotation can reduce the damage, apply sufficient base fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, rationally close planting, remove accumulated water in time, reduce the humidity in the field, timely remove the diseased fruit, and apply lime at the onset point. Prevent the spread of disease.
For the wilt disease of eggplant verticillium wilt, blight, root rot, and bacterial wilt, it is necessary to prevent it in time. Verticillium wilt begins to show symptoms after fruit setting, and develops from bottom to top or from side to whole. The leaves begin to turn yellow at the leaf margin and veins, and then develop to half and the whole leaf turns yellow. In the later stage, the diseased leaves turn from yellow to brown, and eventually fall to the wilting and fall off. Fusarium wilt will develop from the seedling stage to the adult harvest stage.
The leaves of the diseased plants turn yellow and withered from bottom to top. Root rot occurs mostly after colonization. During the initial onset, the leaves are wilting during the day, and can be restored sooner or later. After repeated days, the leaves turn yellow and dry. In the early stage of the bacterial wilt, only one or a few leaves on the individual branches became lighter, showing partial sag, then spreading to the whole plant and finally turning brown.
These are all soil-borne diseases. Chemical control: early use of eggplant verticillium wilt, wilt disease and root rot. Root rotin 40% wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid or carbendazim 50% wettable powder 500-800 times rooting, bacterial wilt Jia Daning or lycopene or chlorosis roots.
Eggplant plague is beneficial to high temperature and high humidity, continuous cropping, and low waterlogging. It is mainly harmful to fruits, causing a large number of rotten fruits. In the early stage of the disease, the lesions are water-stained and round, and rapidly spread to the whole fruit.
The lesions are brown or dark brown, gradually shrinking and softening. When the humidity is high, the disease minister is full of hairy white hyphae, and finally the diseased fruit rots or becomes a stiff fruit. Chemical control: In the early stage of the disease, 25% metalaxyl 800 times liquid, or 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 500 times liquid, or Plex 700 times liquid can be used, and sprayed once every 7 days for 3-4 consecutive times.
Eggplant brown streak disease is easy to occur under the condition of high temperature and high humidity. The incidence of the field is mostly from the bottom layer, and the pale water-stained small spots are formed at the beginning, and then turned into brown round lesions. In the later stage, it became an irregular large lesion with a dark brown edge. The lesions were connected in a single piece, ruptured and perforated, and finally the leaves withered and died.
The lesions of the fruit are round or elliptical, and the diseased part is slightly concave and brown, and concentric circles appear. The inside of the diseased fruit is spongy. The lesions are further extended to the entire fruit, often causing fruit drop. Chemical control: In the initial stage of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution, or 701% mancozeb 500 times solution, or 70% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution spray, spray once every 5-7 days, continuous 3-4 Times.
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