Integrated pest control of peanut
1, peanut disease. Common diseases of peanuts mainly include stalk rot, root rot, leaf spot, and rust.
(1) Stalk rot. The cotyledon is dark brown in color, dry and rot. After the petioles spread to the base of the stem, it becomes yellowish-brown, water-soaked lesions. It eventually turns black brown and rots. Later in the onset, it first develops water-soaked lesions on the stem base or main lateral branch. After the brown-brown dark brown, the aboveground part wilted and died.
Control methods: stalk rot is mainly composed of seed-borne bacteria, and the disease is heavy. Therefore, a reasonable crop rotation should be carried out. The seeds should be fully dried before storage. Before sowing, seeds should be sun-dried and seeded, and no mildew and poor-quality seeds should be used. Do a good job of seed disinfection, use 50% carbendazim to seed dressing 0.2% of the seed amount; when the disease pier rate reaches 5%, use 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times spray stalk unit.
(2) Root rot. The base of the stem is immersed in water, yellow-brown, and the plants are short. The leaves dry up from the bottom up, the main lateral roots turn brown and rot, and only the main roots of the brown shrinking are left in the later period.
Control methods: a reasonable rotation, strict seed selection, drying, seed dressing with 50% carbendazim by 0.2% of the seed amount, the disease rate reached 5% at the beginning of the disease with carbendazim 800 times the whole field spray.
(3) Leaf spot (mainly including brown spot, black spot) Brown spot is round, dark brown, larger, yellow halo around the outer edge of the lesion, gray mold in the late stage; black spot The lesions are round, dark brown, and there are no yellow halos around the lesions. Lesions are smaller than brown spots.
Control methods: rational rotation; selection of disease-resistant varieties. High-temperature and rainy July and August is the key period for controlling leaf spot disease. When the diseased leaf rate reaches 10% at the early stage, it can spray 50% carbendazim 800 times solution or 70% mancozeb manganese 800 times every 15 days. Spray once, spray a total of 2 or 3 times.
(4) Flower rust disease. The bottom leaves first began to occur. The leaves had yellow spots, small shapes, and a very narrow yellow halo around them. After the epidermis was cracked, rust-colored powders were scattered. In severe cases, the leaves were yellow and dry off.
Control methods: At the beginning of the disease, spray 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution or 20% triadimefon 500 times solution.
2, peanut pests. The main insect pests of peanuts are locusts, tigers and earthworms.
(1) Locusts. Locust not only sucks peanut juice, but it is also the main medium for spreading the virus. Prevention of peanut aphid must be based on early words, when each pier reaches 10, with 40% omethoate control 1000 times.
(2) Tigers and earthworms. Tigers and earthworms are underground pests, which not only have a long duration of damage but also cause serious damage. They often cause the phenomenon of lack of seedlings and ridges. Because underground pests often move underground, they are highly concealed and difficult to control, so comprehensive prevention and control methods must be adopted.
Rational rotation: Peanuts are well-established crops such as corn, millet and other grass crops to avoid heavy crops and pods.
Autumn deep turning: autumn deep turning can turn pests to the ground, causing them to be exposed to the sun, or being eaten by birds, reducing the source of insects.
Seed coating: coating with seed coating before sowing, this method can also effectively prevent rat damage.
Soil treatment: Before sowing site preparation, use 2% to 30kg of 3% formazan granules per hectare to spread evenly on the field surface and pour it into the soil; or spread the chelated phosphate granules in the sowing ditch; then sow; Insecticides can also be blended into organic fertilizers for basal application.
Prevention and control of larvae: In late June and late July, in the incubation period of juvenile beetle and the young age of hectares, 35-45 kg of phoxim granules and 250-300 kg of fine soil were sprinkled in the peanut rhizosphere, and were soaked in soil. It is also possible to use 50% phoxim or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times to root.
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