Intensive cultivation technique of apple dwarf anvil
High-efficiency cultivation of dwarf anvils is a cultivation technique widely used in the advanced countries of apple production in the world, and is also the direction of the development of modern apple industry in China. Vigorously promoting this advanced cultivation mode has great and far-reaching significance for promoting the integration of China's apple cultivation system with international standards and realizing the strategic transformation of China's apple production from quantity to quality, from apple production to production.
Technical points:
1. The large seedlings are built and the brackets are set up. Use 2-3 years old dwarf rootstock or dwarf intermediate anvil seedlings, the height of the seedlings is required to be more than 1.3 meters, the diameter of the 5 cm above the variety of the grafting interface is more than 1.0 cm; the antegrade is set to 3. to 3.5 meters per 10 meters. The high-cement cement column has a 12-gauge wire at 1 m, 2 m and 3 m respectively, and a bamboo pole is placed next to each tree as a column to support the center to grow robustly.
2. Determination of cultivation density and mode. Planting density is determined by the variety growth, rootstock growth and soil fertility. Strong varieties (Fuji, Jonagold, etc.) or better soil conditions and flat land, planted with larger plant spacing; weaker varieties (Qura, US No. 8, honey crisp, etc.) or poor soil conditions and slopes , planting with smaller plant spacing. At the same time, there are different planting densities in different regions. It is generally recommended that the row spacing be 1.5 to 2 meters, 3.5 to 4.5 meters, and 74 to 170 plants per acre. The ratio of plant to row spacing is 1:2 to 3, which is suitable for wide-row planting. To determine the center line of good tree behavior, ridges, ridge width 1.2 to 1.5 meters, ridge height 20 cm to 30 cm.
3. Add organic fertilizer and improve the soil. Before planting, the soil was deepened by ditching and the organic fertilizer was added to improve the soil. The depth of the ditch was 60 cm and the width was about 1 m. Through soil improvement, the soil organic matter content in the concentrated distribution area of ​​the roots is more than 1%.
4, grass between rows, tree cover. Artificial grass or natural grass between the orchard rows. Artificial grass orchards can use clover, alfalfa, ryegrass, etc.; natural grass orchards should remove the weeds in time. When the grass grows to 30-40 cm, leave about 10 cm for castration and cover the tree plate.
5, spindle-shaped pruning, support strong in the dry. Take the spindle-shaped pruning and keep the center dry and erect and grow vigorously. After the plastic surgery, the height of the tree is 3 to 4 meters, the dry height is 0.6 to 1 meter, and the center is dried with 15 to 20 distributed lateral branches, and the lateral branch base is thick. It does not exceed 1/4 of the dryness of the center of its birth place; it simplifies the pruning and reduces the result of the branching level. The amount of the agglomerate after the winter pruning is controlled at about 80,000.
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