Jujube grafting mastering techniques
There are many methods for grafting jujube trees, the main ones commonly used are: splitting, abdominal splicing, bark splicing, cutting splicing and tender shoot budding. The grafting methods and steps of jujube tree embedded buds are summarized as follows for the reference of farmers.
1. Tool preparation
Jujube tree grafting requires pruning shears, grafting knives, and plastic strips.
2. Collection and preservation of grafted scion
1. Spring-summer grafting: The spring-summer grafting scion is prepared before the end of March. Collect fully developed, disease-free and pest-free annual jujube branches in the parent tree orchard, and cut off the secondary branches (leave 2 cm long) , Stored in a cool and humid place, buried with wet sand, can also be stored in a cellar below 4 meters or hoisted into the well (below 7 ℃). In this way, the scion can be stored until late June to early July.
2. Autumn grafting: Autumn grafting can collect the raw woody branches of the year, immediately remove the secondary branches and leaves, and use them as needed. For short-term storage, it can be inserted into a container with 10 cm of clean water, and hoisted into the underground 0.5-1 meters from the water surface or in a cellar.
Three, grafting operation method
1. Cut off the wooden jujube bud pieces: Use pruning shears to cut off the remaining secondary branches 1-2 mm above the side buds of the jujube tree, and remove the needles at the same time. When cutting buds, hold the branch above the main bud with one hand and a knife in the other. At the intersection of the secondary branch and the primary branch, push the first knife from top to bottom. The length is about 3.5-4 cm. This is the length. Cut the surface; 0.5 cm above the terminal of the first knife, cut the second knife horizontally downwards, cut to the junction of the first knife, the angle is 30 degrees, this is a short cut surface. For example, when the jujube scion is too thick, sometimes longitudinal striped protrusions appear on the long shaved surface, which can be turned over and carefully cut off the protrusions to make the long shaved surface smooth.
2. Treatment method of grafting rootstock: When grafting in spring and summer, cut the anvil at a distance of 20 cm from the ground on the jujube tree to remove the secondary branches and needles on it. In the autumn grafting year, there is no need to cut the anvil, and remove the secondary branches and needles of 20-50 cm from the lower part of the jujube seedlings. Choose a straight and smooth surface 10 cm from the ground on the jujube tree, hold the rootstock with one hand and push the first cut obliquely downwards with one hand. The length is slightly longer than the length of the bud, and the width is the same as that of the bud, and then at the end of the knife edge. Cut a second crosswise obliquely 0.5 cm above, the same as the short cut side of the scion. Remove the anvil.
3. Grafting operation: quickly inlay the removed jujube bud pieces on the incision of the rootstock so that the lower bevel is aligned with the cambium on the left and right sides. Wrap it tightly from bottom to top with a plastic film tape with good elasticity, high tensile force and good softness to expose the bud.
4. Management of grafted seedlings
Spring grafting of seedlings When the jujube head branch or jujube hanging grows to 3-10 cm, a second cutting anvil is performed 1 cm above the grafted bud, and painting or waxing is used to protect the wound. For jujube seedlings picked in autumn, cut anvils in the spring of the second year. Other management techniques are the same as general jujube seedlings. This method is suitable for gardens, high-connected heads, ****** wild jujubes, changed to good varieties of jujube, etc.
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