Organic pepper high-yielding cultivation technology
First, planting seedlings
1, the cultivation season
In the Yangtze River basin pepper greenhouse cultivation in winter and spring, sowing in early October to early November, planting in mid-February to early March; spring cultivation, planting in late October to mid-November, transplanting in late March to early April Xiulu cultivation, sowing in early June, transplanting in early July; cultivation in autumn, sowing in early July, transplanting in early August; cultivation in greenhouse after the fall, sowing in late July, transplanting in late August.
2, substrate selection
The special organic seedling substrate is selected, or the matrix raw materials that have been subjected to high temperature sterilization treatment are selected and synthesized according to the ratio of peat: perlite: organic fertilizer = 7:2:1, and appropriate adjustments are made depending on the source and seasonal changes of peat.
3, seed processing
Plant disinfection can use two methods.
One is soaking seed with pesticides. The seeds were soaked in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes. The seeds were washed repeatedly with water and then soaked again to eliminate strains of the leucorrhea virus. In areas with severe anthrax and scab, they can be soaked with fresh water for 6-15 hours, then soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes, washed repeatedly with fresh water or added a small amount of plant ash or lime (calcium hydroxide) to neutralize acidity. Then germination sowing.
The second is soaking in warm soup. The seeds were immersed in constant temperature water at 55°C and stirring was continued. When the water temperature dropped to 30°C, stirring was stopped, soaked for 8-12 hours, and then germination. Can reduce the occurrence of various diseases.
4, plug seedlings
Use plastic greenhouses, greenhouses and other nursery facilities, covering the shade net in the summer, using insulation measures in winter, the use of plug seedlings. After each nursery is completed, the seedbeds, trays and other facilities are disinfected.
5, strong seedling standards
Winter and spring seedlings, plant height 12-15 cm, diameter 0.4 meters thick, cotyledon intact, 5-6 true leaves, leaf color green, no pests and diseases.
Second, do the earthwork
The basal fertilization uses fully self-made organic fertilizer, mushroom slag: chicken manure: vegetable waste = 1:4:2, 3000 kg per acre, combined with ploughing and ploughing the soil for comprehensive fertilization.
Or put 2500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu (or 100-130 kg of cooked soybean cake, or 150 kg of cooked peanut cake), 40 kg of phosphate rock powder and 20 kg of potassium mineral powder.
The soil is plowed 20-30 cm deep, and the soil preparation, squeezing is fine, the ditch is open, and the rake is made. The rake is 1.2 meters wide.
Third, timely colonization
According to the cultivation time and timely colonization, generally two rows per plant, spacing 35-40 cm. Choose sunny and windless weather for planting. The depth of colonization is appropriate for the cotyledon and sorghum. Cave membrane hole to be sealed. After the planting in winter and spring, take a small arch shed and cover the film.
Fourth, field management
1, temperature management
Within one week after planting, the seedlings were kept warm. Later, as the weather gradually ventilated, so that plants grow robustly. You can use the closing time of the door to ventilate and adjust the temperature and humidity.
2, lighting management
In combination with the adjustment of environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, the lighting conditions shall be adjusted in an integrated manner. The surface of the film shall be kept clean in winter and spring, and the insulation covering shall be opened during the day to increase the light intensity and time as much as possible.
Appropriate shading and cooling in summer and autumn.
3, fertilizer and water management
Potassium sulphate magnesium fertilizer is generally used for top dressing, 15 kg of potassium magnesium fertilizer per acre, dissolved in water, and applied to the irrigation system; field water management depends on the seedling condition, generally after the planting, it is used as a buffering seedling, when the door is "Pepper" is removed when it grows to 6-7 cm, keeping the soil moist and preventing it from falling off.
During the full fruit period, it is watered once every 7 days on sunny days, each time watering until 15 cm below the soil surface is wet. And in the fertilizer immediately after the irrigation and ventilation, reduce the shed air humidity, and after each harvest, top dressing once.
4, plant regulation
Plant height 18-20 cm, the first layer of inflorescence before opening, with about 45 cm high bamboo slug close to the trunk of the plant inserted into the rhizosphere soil, the fruit of each ear with a soft thin rope tied together, and timely reorganization of the ear. In general, single-stalked pruning was carried out, and lateral branches within 20 cm from the ground were removed, and the old leaves, yellow leaves, and diseased leaves of the base were removed timely.
V. Prevention of pests and weeds
1, blight
Before the onset or early onset, use 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 500 times spray, spraying once every 7-10 days, even spray 2-3 times.
2, gray mold
It was sprayed with a 300-fold liquid of wet bacillus subtilis (leaf type). Or spray control with 300 times liquid of Trichoderma harzianum (leaf type).
3, scab
In the early stage of disease, 800 times potassium permanganate solution was sprayed and used once every 7-10 days for continuous control 2-3 times. Or use 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 500 times spray control, can cure soft rot, scab, leaf spot and bacterial wilt.
4. Diseases
Before the onset of disease, 1.5-2.5 kg of copper sulfate crystals were applied per acre with irrigation. In the initial stage of disease, 0.1% potassium permanganate and 0.2% wood vinegar were sprayed, and the spray was repeated 7-10 days later.
5, anthrax
Before onset or early onset, spray with 77% copper hydroxide WP 500 times, spray once every 7-10 days, spray 2-3 times in succession, and disable it 7 days before the receipt of vegetables. Or use 1:1:200 times Bordeaux mixture or copper sulfate 200 times spray, use once every 7 days, even spray 2-3 times. Or use 500 times of sodium bicarbonate solution, spray once every 3 days, even spray 5-6 times.
6, bacterial wilt
Before the onset or early onset, use 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 500 times spray, spraying once every 7-10 days, even spray 2-3 times. Or irrigate roots with 600 times liquid of Bacillus subtilis (root type), and water down along the base of the stems, each of which needs to be poured with 150 ml. Or use 0.5 g Bacillus polymyxa at each square meter of the seedbed, pour with water, or 200 g of Bacillus polymyxa Bacillus original powder per mu after planting, dilute and irrigate the roots, and use drugs throughout the growing period 3- 4 times, respectively, in the sowing (soaking and splashing), planting, transplanting colonization or initial onset of pouring or pouring roots, the cumulative amount of medication is generally about 1000 grams per acre.
7, blight
With 0.3% eugenol soluble liquid spray 1000-1500 times. Or when the pepper seedlings are planted, 200 g per mu, 200 g of Trichoderma harzianum, and 1.25 kg of rice bran are evenly mixed, and the roots of the seedlings are immersed in bacteria and then transplanted. Or in the early onset of the field, the roots were irrigated with H. harzianum 600 times.
8, cotton bollworm
Spraying with 16000 units of the WP wettable powder 500 times, or spraying with H. armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus with Bacillus thuringiensis had good control effect. The H. armigera eggs were hatched during the incubation period and sprayed with a 0.5% solution of veratrine dissolved in 800-1000 times solution. In the young larva stage spray 1500-2000 times with 5% pyrethrin EC.
9. Aphids, Brassica napus, Spodoptera litura and other pests
In the early stages of pest damage, spray once with 2.5% rotenone EC 400-500 times or 7.5% rotenone EC 1500 times. Or early prevention with 0.3% matrine water reducing agent 600-800 times liquid spray, pest initial stage with 0.3% matrine water spray 400-600 times, spray once every 5-7 days. Insect pests can increase the amount of drugs during the peak period, spraying once every 3-5 days, 2-3 times in a row, spray should be uniform when the leaves back, leaf surface spray, especially the back of the leaves.
10, control of underground pests
The use of Beauveria bassiana can control adults and larvae of beetles such as the big black-billed beetle, the dark-black-billed beetle, the green-green beetle, and the four-wing beetle. It can be used alone or mixed with other pesticides. The dosage of 500-1000 g/mu for the single use of Beauveria bassiana (100 billion raw powder) inoculation alone.
Six, timely harvest
Avoid high temperatures during picking, before 9 am in the summer or after 3 pm; harvest mature fruits in time. Watering is stopped 5-7 days before harvesting; hands hold the fruit along the layer to cut the fruit shank to prevent mechanical damage and enter the grading and packing workshop in time.
VII. Transportation and storage
Peppers sold to distant cities should be carefully packed into cartons after harvest and pre-cooled in 8-10°C and 85%-90% relative humidity for 8-12 hours prior to insulation. It is best to use warm car transport. Available trucks + quilts without trucks, or truck + quilts + ice for transport.
Before entering the supermarket, use trays or portable thin-film bags, paper bags and other small packages to enter supermarket counters. The temperature of cold storage is controlled at 10°C. If mixed with other cold-tolerant vegetables, the cold storage temperature should be controlled at 5°C. The supermarket sales freezer temperature control at 5-10 °C. Normal temperature sales counters should be placed less, and pick up the counters from the cold storage at any time.
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