Key points of cultivation techniques for high quality and high quality of walnut
How to exchange walnut plants? What if the walnut tree grows well but does not bear fruit? Can be solved with walnut high-replacement technology. Let's take a look at the technical points of walnut high-replacement with the agricultural knowledge network.
1 High-replacement walnut tree selection and scion collection and processing technology
1.1 walnut tree selection
In the high-replacement type, the walnut tree with a tree age of less than 30 years should be selected. The secondary side branches, the main head and the side branches should be connected to the main part. The cross section of the anvil pile should be below 8cm, and the water should be thoroughly watered once before the high 7d. Prepare for the effective development of post-management work [1]. If the walnut tree is relatively weak, the fertilizer and water management should be strengthened during the growing season to cultivate the thick tree and to achieve high connection after one year.
1.2 scion collection processing
The best period for scion collection after deciduous to germination. If scion collection is carried out in winter, an effective wax seal treatment should be carried out, and the wax liquid should be filled into a deep cylindrical container. The temperature of the wax should be kept at 90-100 °C. After the scion is cut, the wax liquid should be quickly taken from both ends and the excess wax liquid will be removed. It is worth noting that the waxing operation must be carried out quickly. It is forbidden to attach too thick wax to the surface of the scion, and the wax is too thick to fall off. After sealing the wax, the scion should be refrigerated, and the temperature of the freezer should be controlled at 0 to 5 °C. Under normal circumstances, the collection of scions should be carried out before the germination of the walnut trees in spring.
2 grafting method
2.1 connection
If the cross section of the rootstock is below 2.5cm, during the grafting process, the specific method is as follows: a rake is cut with a knife in the middle of the rootstock, and the depth is 5cm and is in a vertical state. The two ends of the scion are cut to form two wedge shapes, and the inner side is thinner than the outer side. The cutting surface is quickly inserted into the rootstock, and the tightness between the two has a direct impact on the survival rate.
2.2 leather connection
The smooth and flawless rootstock surface was selected and cut vertically with a knife. The depth was usually 1.5 cm. The bark on both sides was separated in the direction of the edge, and then a 4-5 cm beveled surface was cut with a knife on the scion. A small bevel should be constructed obliquely below the beveled surface. The length is 0.5cm. Insert the scion into the rootstock. The cut noodles should have a part exposed on the outside, usually about 0.5cm. At this time, the white scion can realize the callus. Adhesion, which lays a good foundation for improving its healing ability and survival rate.
3 graft management
(1) Erasing the sputum. After grafting, a large number of young shoots will germinate on the rootstock, which should be wiped out in time to avoid the loss of water and nutrients. The buds that have not survived can retain 2 sprouts, and the rest are erased.
(2) Picking the heart at the right time. The walnut tree will continue to grow after the bud is alive. When it reaches 25~30cm, the backbone branch should be based on the new shoots and control other branches. When the 35~50cm backbone branches are produced, the center of the heart will be removed and the center of gravity will be moved down. Avoid splitting.
(3) Tied the pillars and loosened them at the right time. After the new shoots grow out, the joints should be tied to ensure that the branches are not blown by the wind; the length of the new shoots can reach 30cm or more before binding, and it is strictly forbidden to tighten the bundles to affect the growth of the branches. After 65 days, the film on the scion and rootstock can be removed, and it is strictly forbidden to remove the film too early, which has an adverse effect on the graft survival rate.
(4) Pest control. Growers should regularly observe walnut trees. Once pests and diseases such as C. elegans, C. sylvestris, powdery mildew and blight are found, appropriate fungicides and insecticides should be selected in time for prevention and control. For example, in the control of powdery mildew, 77% of the 600 times solution can be used to kill the wettable powder, and 2000 times of the 15% triazolone wettable powder can be alternately controlled.
(5) Trim in time. After the walnut tree survives, the new shoots will grow rapidly. At this time, scientific summer tube winter shear management is needed to prepare for the construction of a good tree shape. Through scientific management, the high yield of trees in the fall of the second year can be completely restored.
4 conclusion
In summary, when carrying out the high-replacement technology of walnuts, scientifically grasp the grafting time, and comprehensively use the methods of inserting and splicing, which is more helpful to improve the survival rate of walnut trees.
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