Key Technical Measures for Planting Dwarf Apple
1. High standard building
During the construction of the garden, planting trenches with a width of 1 meter and a depth of 80 centimeters were dug forward according to the row spacing of plants. The sown soil was turned into the bottom of the trench and cultivated with high borders. The border width was 1 to 1.5 meters and the height was 15 to 20 centimeters. With the colonization line as the center, the soil with a width of 1 meter and a thickness of 10 to 15 centimeters is collected on both sides of the colonization line to be renovated into a border, and the border surface is watered and settled.
The best seedling is two years old. The seedling height is more than 1.2 meters, the base diameter is more than 1 centimeter, the root system is complete, there are no diseases and insects, and there is no air drying. Strictly grade seedlings, control the difference in height, thickness and uprightness of seedlings within 10%, and the size and types of roots are the same. Unqualified seedlings need to be removed, and rooting should be carried out before planting, the rotten roots should be cut off, and then soaked in water for 24 hours, and then sprayed with stone sulfur mixture to disinfect the seedlings.
When planting, dig holes of 40 cm in length, width and depth according to the distance between the plants. At the time of planting, the seedlings are dipped in mud and placed in the planting holes, and then planted. After the water seeps, each tree tray is covered with plastic film and surrounded Earth compaction. Put a plastic bag with a width of 5 cm and a length of 80 to 100 cm on the trunk. Tie the bottom of the bag tightly and remove it after germination.
A cement support is set up every 10 meters along the line, and a bamboo pole is set up for each plant. The height of the bracket and the column from the ground is 3 to 4 meters, and a stainless steel wire is pulled horizontally at the bracket, the column at 1 meter, 2 meters and 3 meters from the ground, and the two ends of the wire should be tightened and firmly fixed to the ground. Bind the post to three wires, and tie the seedlings to the post.
2. Soil, fertilizer and water management
Orchard grows grass. Take natural grass between the rows of the orchard, and timely remove the vicious weeds such as amaranth. When the grass is about 30 cm, cutting the grass can ensure the nutrients of the fruit tree.
Fertilizer and water management. Two to four years after planting, the application of organic fertilizer is the main, 200-300 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per acre, 20-30 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer. As a result, the tree uses rotted organic fertilizer. Top dressing is mainly based on compound fertilizers for fruit trees. Generally, for every 100 kg of apples, 2 kg of pure nitrogen (N) and pure phosphorus (P)
O) 0.8 kg.
3. Flower and fruit management wall bee pollination. Set up a nest box at an interval of 40-50 meters in the orchard. Two to three days before flowering, 200 wall bees are placed per mu. The nest box is made of paper with a diameter of 5.5-6.5 mm and a length of 15-16.5 cm. Nest tube, the bottom of the tube is tightly sealed, the mouth of the tube is painted with red, yellow, green and white colors, and 100 to 200 nest tubes are placed in each nest box. In front of the nest box is vast, dig a small hole around to keep water. Insecticides are banned during the beekeeping period.
Sparse flowers and fruits. It is usually carried out about 15 days after flowering, leaving a central fruit in each tree, and thinning the side fruit, small fruit, crooked fruit and axillary bud fruit.
Fruit management. Take the fruit bag, and choose a large, formal, free of pests and stings, which has a fruit tip. When bagging, first set the inner bore and then the outer fruit, first set the upper part and then the lower part. 10 to 15 days before fruit picking, irrigation and bag removal. The amount of leaves to be picked is preferably 10% to 15%. At the same time, the fruits are slightly turned with the leaves to make the fruits fully exposed to light.
Fourth, plastic trim
Yanfu 3, Mi 26, Baleng Begonia and other varieties adopt spindle-shaped tree. The tree is 3.5 to 4 meters high, and 20 to 25 main branches or large fruiting branches are cultivated on the center trunk, spaced 20 to 30 centimeters in a spiral pattern. The main branches directly bear fruiting branches, and the fruiting branches are uniaxial. Extended small spindle shape. The ratio of the diameter of the branch axis to the middle trunk of the main branch or large fruiting branch group is 1:2～3.
Pruning adopts the measures of "re-cutting and helping stems in one year and two years, and pulling branches in three years to promote flower buds". When the garden was built in the summer, when the vigorous growth of the garden was pruned in summer, the vigorous branches were left with 1 to 2 buds for extreme weight. Short cuts: When the prunes with general growth potential are pruned in winter, extremely heavy short cuts or thinnings are taken, and the central stem extensions are lightly cut or thrown away. In the second year, if there are less than 5 lateral branches or the growth is weak, continuous dry pruning. In the second to third years, the opening angle of the main branch is 90° to 110°, and the measures of “retaining while leaving, sparse to compete, and pulling branches and cutting buds simultaneously†are adopted, and methods such as fertilizer and water control are adopted to promote flower buds. In the fourth year, stick to the "first fruit, then shape, gradually adjust" approach, go big and stay small, generally remove 1-2 large branches to stabilize the tree.
5. Prevention of plant diseases and insect pests The prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests should be based on the improvement of tree resistance, comprehensive application of agricultural, biological and physical measures to reduce the number of chemical control. Clear trees and gardens in winter to reduce the source of pests. Cut off diseased insects and branches, remove litter and fallen leaves, and reduce the base of disease and insects overwintering. Growing grass between rows can promote root growth and reduce the occurrence of physiological diseases. Fruit bagging to control the harm of peach fruit borer. Use frequency vibration insecticidal lamps, install a lamp every 8 to 10 acres. Chemical prevention is based on mineral-source pesticides, with biological pesticides as the main body, and low-toxic organic synthetic pesticides as the auxiliary, limited use of poisoned pesticides, and the use of highly toxic, highly toxic, and high-residue pesticides is prohibited.
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