Major diseases of broccoli and its integrated control

Broccoli is also called broccoli and green cauliflower. It is a high-quality vegetable with high nutritional value. It has the functions of health care and beauty and is a popular vegetable in the world. It is favored by consumers for its color, aroma and flavor. In recent years, due to increased consumer demand and structural adjustment of the agricultural industry, the planting area has increased year by year. With the development of the broccoli industry and the increase in the number of years of cultivation, various diseases have become increasingly apparent. Effective prevention and treatment of diseases has become an important issue in the production of broccoli. 1 Major diseases 1.1 Downy mildew mostly occurs in the rosette period, and the lower leaves show yellow-brown polygons or irregular spots with unconspicuous edges and are limited by veins. When wet, the back of the leaves produces white mold. Generally, the disease is severe when the temperature is high and it is rainy, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the sunshine is insufficient, the soil water is accumulated, and the plant density is large. 1.2 Brown spot mainly damages leaves, flower bulbs and seed pods. The first leaf of the lower part of the disease begins to develop round brown lesions on the front or back of the leaf blade with a slight concentric ring pattern. When the humidity is high, a black mold layer grows on the diseased part. Generally, in the middle and late stages of growth, the disease may be heavy when it comes to rain, or when fertility is insufficient. 1.3 Botrytis mainly damages inflorescences and also harms stems and leaves. The diseased tissue was pale brown water stains, followed by soft rot, and gray moldy material throughout. Germs are spread through air currents, rain, and agricultural practices and penetrate the body from wounds or areas of aging. Seedlings are prone to growth under conditions of poor growth, high density, and high relative air humidity. 1.4 Sclerotinia mostly occurs during the bulbous stage, flowering and scab stage. Diseases usually begin at the base of the stems and petioles near the ground. The lesions are brownish at the beginning of the lesions. After the petiole damage, the leaves are withered and drooping due to the cutoff of water supply. In the case of high humidity, the diseased area is covered with white cotton flocculent sclerotia. The disease is transmitted from the soil and is prone to occur under warm and humid conditions. 1.5 Black rot damages leaves and bulbs. Adult plants usually start from the lower leaves. Most of the lesions form "V"-shaped patches starting from the leaf margins. The pathogens spread downward along the veins, forming large areas of necrosis or irregular large yellow-brown patches. The leaf tissues at the edges of the lesions are yellowish. After the bacterium enters the vascular bundle of the stem, it gradually spreads to the bulbous part or the vein and the petiole, causing the vascular bundle to necrosis and darken, and finally wither, but no odor, and the bulbous black heart under dry conditions. In the field, germs are mainly spread through diseased plants, fertilizers, wind and rain, or farming tools. This disease is likely to occur in the case of general seed carriers, high temperature and rain, improper management of fertilizers and water, continuous cropping with cruciferous crops, pests, etc. 1.6 Soft rot occurs in the ball stage and the scab stage. The bacteria invaded from the wound, and initially appeared water-soaked spots on the outer leaves or the base of the leaf bulb. When the damage was serious, the whole plant rotted, and the pus-like mucus leaked out. The diseased part emitted odor. Germs spread through rainwater, irrigation water, fertilisers, and insects. In general, the disease is caused by seed bacteria, high temperature and high humidity, excessive watering, and many underground pests. 1.7 The virus seedlings and adult plants can be affected. When infected at the seedling stage, chlorotic and near-circular spots appear on the leaves, with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm, and the entire leaf color becomes lighter or becomes denser and lighter. When infected plants became infected, in addition to the dense and unevenly mottled young leaves, there were black necrotic spots on the back of the old leaves, and the diseased plants were late and loose. The occurrence of early planting, poisonous sources, or locust infestation may cause serious illnesses due to improper management, low topography, lack of ventilation, lack of water, or lack of fertilizer. 2 Comprehensive prevention and control 2.1 Reasonable choice of land should be selected as a well-drained, loose and fertile slightly acidic soil. 2.2 Soil nutrient soil for bed soil disinfection must be long-term composted and formalin-sealed. 2.3 Seed disinfection Sterilize seeds with warm water of 50-55°C for 20 minutes and stir constantly. 2.4 Rotation of crops and rotation of non-cruciferous vegetables can effectively reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. 2.5 Strengthen seedling management, seedlings and seedlings, timely ventilation, reduce air humidity, and remove diseased seedlings in time. 2.6 Strengthen Water and Fertilizer Management Broccoli Hi-Feeding Water. Timely forced fertilization and watering are the keys to high yield. Advocate the use of fully cooked organic fertilizer, fertilizer can be used fertilizer. During the rainy season, drainage is drained in time to prevent the accumulation of water in the soil, so as to avoid rooting. 2.7 Improve the growing conditions in time to clean the garden; timely removal of diseased leaves and old leaves; timely removal of residual crops, rotten leaves in the field after harvest; and disinfection of diseased holes to reduce the source of bacteria. The use of sorghum cultivation, effective regulation of soil temperature and humidity, improve light, ventilation, drainage conditions. When weeding and weeding, we avoid hurting the leaves and cutting off the roots. We found that the diseased plants were destroyed in time and the route of transmission was reduced. 2.8 Chemical control against bacterial black rot, soft rot, available agricultural streptomycin, or chloramphenicol 5000 times; control of fungal diseases such as downy mildew, sclerotia, etc., 50% carbendazim available early onset 500 times or 75% chlorothalonil 600 to 800 times the liquid, sprayed every 7 to 10 days, continuous spraying 2 to 3 times, can effectively control the occurrence of the disease. Insecticides are sprayed on a regular basis to kill various pests such as roundworms and cut off the route of transmission.

A seedbed or seedling bed is the local soil environment in which seeds are planted. Often it comprises not only the soil but also a specially prepared cold frame, hotbed or raised bed used to grow the seedlings in a controlled environment into larger young plants before transplanting them into a garden or field. A seedling bed is used to increase the number of seeds that germinate.

Greenhouse Seedling Bed

Greenhouse Seedling Bed,Stainless Greenhouse Seedling Bed,Greenhouse Seedling Nursery Bed

JIANGSU SKYPLAN GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , http://www.spgreenhouse.com