Mushroom cultivation rod culture

Cultivation of rod mushroom cultivation in various parts of Liaoning Province, the best cultivation season in late August began to produce fungus sticks, after the beginning of winter to Jubilee before the "May 1" mushroom. The ideal place for cultivation is a plastic solar greenhouse. The cultivation techniques are described below. First, the mushroom bar production 1. The sticks are generally used for bagging mechanism bars, with 2000 bars per day and a bagging machine. The specifications of the plastic tube bag can be 55 cm 15 cm 4 m low pressure polyethylene plastic tube film (for normal pressure steam sterilization), each bag of dry material nearly 1 kg. After loading the bag, use a large test tube to brush the culture material sticking to the mouth of the bag. At the same time, use a double tearing film to seal the seal. The stick process is as tight and suitable as possible, the stick is too tight, the oxygen is insufficient, the mycelium grows slowly or stagnates: the fungus stick is too loose, and the fungus stick is easy to shrink and break. The tightness of the bacterial sticks is usually grasped on the five-fingered material bag, and moderate depressions are appropriate. The hand bag was obviously sunken and the two ends sagged, indicating that it was too loose. Fingers pinch, feeling too hard, indicating too tight. 2. Sterilization methods include high-pressure steam sterilization and normal-pressure steam sterilization. Currently, steam sterilization sterilization is generally used in rural areas. Atmospheric steam sterilization stoves can be made of bricks, generally with ll0 cm diameter iron pan (or 70 printing). The drum is square and the specifications are designed according to the needs. Generally, the inner volume of the drum is about 2 cubic meters. Smooth the inside and outside of the drum with cement. There are two ways to put the bacteria sticks in the drum. One is to place the bacteria sticks in the drum with a separator. The layer distance is 50 cm. Four layers of bacteria sticks are stacked on each separator. 5 cm clearance to facilitate steam flow and condensate return to the pot. The other method is to first use the turnover baskets to put the bacteria sticks, and then stack the turnover baskets in the drum. In this way, it is convenient to go in and out. The number of bacterial sticks is less and the breakage can be reduced. At the beginning of sterilization, the firepower must be fierce, and it is required to boil the pan in a short time so as to avoid acidification of the culture material. After the pan is opened, the cold air should be exhausted from the exhaust pipe, and the timing should be started when the pan is opened. Sterilize it for more than 10 hours. Heat the water often in the pot to prevent burning the pot. After sterilization, when the temperature in the pan falls below 60°C, the pan is put out, and the fungus sticks are placed in a sterilized, clean, ventilated, and spacious place, arranged in a well-shaped manner to cool them, and the moisture on the surface of the bag is dried at the same time. Second, the inoculation of bacteria sticks 1. Inoculation room disinfection In order to reduce the bacterial infection during the inoculation, the inoculation room should be disinfected and sterilized one week before inoculation. First of all, the ground is sprinkled with white ash (the cement floor may not be withdrawn) and then spray-sterilized with 3% of the "Suer". Before inoculation, all the inoculation tools and strains and the bacteria stick to be inoculated were placed in the room and fumigated with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde for more than 2 hours. The dosage was 5 g of potassium permanganate and 10 ml of formaldehyde per cubic meter of space. To reduce the impact of formaldehyde on the body, 25% to 30% of ammonia (50 ml/m3) can be sprayed after fumigation. Many efficient and low-toxic disinfectants have been used in place of formaldehyde for space disinfection, such as aerosol disinfectants. 2. Aseptically Inoculation must be performed strictly according to the aseptic procedure. The vaccinators must clean their clothes and disinfect their hands with 70% to 75% alcohol. At the beginning of the inoculation, first inoculate the inoculation surface with 75% alcohol rubbing the fungus stick, and then use a solid iron or a wooden drill with a diameter of about 15 cm to play 4 to 5 points on the fungus stick at equal distances. After being hit by a hole, the strains are quickly squeezed into the inoculation hole with an inoculum or manually; the bacteria point is closely matched with the strain and no gap is left. The strains are raised on the surface of the hole. In this way, once the mycelium of the mushroom has germinated, the inoculation port can be sealed and the harmful bacteria can be prevented. After inoculation, 3.253.25 cm special tape or medical tape is used to seal the hole. If the vaccine is not inoculated in the hot season, the hole may not be sealed after the inoculation. Generally, 20 to 25 sticks can be connected to each bag. When inoculating, the movement should be rapid, and the inoculation volume should be sufficient. The inoculation room should try to avoid walking and talking with each other so as not to interfere with the inoculation effect. Third, the bacteria administration After inoculation, bacteria sticks should be placed in the human chamber. The germination room should also be selected to have good heatstroke and cooling conditions, and be easy to ventilate and clean. The place where the ground is easy to regain should not be used. The doubling room must be sterilized before use, and the method is the same as that of the inoculation room above. At present, some mushroom farmers combine the inoculation room and the germination room. After the inoculation, the fungus sticks are sterilized in the inoculation room, which can reduce the infection of bacteria caused by the movement. After inoculation, the bacteria sticks are arranged in a "well" or "?" shape, with 4 or 3 sticks each, stacked 8 to 10 layers, leaving a certain distance between each pile. Ten days after inoculation, the bacteria sticks are generally not to be moved so as not to affect the germination of mycelia and cause infection. The requirements of environmental conditions for the bacteria-producing chamber; first, the temperature of the bacteria-producing chamber is preferably controlled at 20-25°C, and the temperature within the fungus rod must not exceed 25°C. Secondly, the relative humidity in the bacterium room space should be controlled between 55% and 65%. Over-drying and over-wetting are not good for germination. Third, the chamber must always be well ventilated for gas exchange. Fourth, the light in the bacterium chamber should be dark, and germination culture should be conducted in a lightless or low light environment. After germination for 10 days, if there is contamination in the fungus rod or the temperature in the fungus stick exceeds 25°C, turn it over and gently take out the contaminating bacteria and isolate it from the culture room as soon as possible to reduce the pollution source. After turning, the height of the mushroom stick should be appropriately lower to facilitate cooling and heat dissipation. In the whole process of germination, as long as no pollution is found, and the temperature inside the fungus rod is not high, it is not necessary to turn the heap. It should also be pointed out here that the production of shiitake mushrooms should begin with bagging, and must be handled with care, inoculation, and sterilisation. Handle them gently, and do not put them to rest. Avoid man-made plastic bags. create pollution. Under normal circumstances, the bacteria rods will be about 20 to 10 centimeters in diameter. At this time, the amount of oxygen in the bacilli is greatly reduced, and the growth rate of the mycelium gradually becomes slower, or the growth stops. In order to increase the oxygen, it is necessary to "crinkle" the tape (that is, to tear a small hole in the tape) to promote the growth of the hyphae. Fourth, open the bag of bacteria and the pomp of fungus when the bacteria in the indoor 40 to 50 days, the mycelium has basically been full of bacteria, then we must gradually increase the amount of light. By about 60 days, there is a bulge on the bacilli, and a brown pigment is gradually secreted. At this time, the hyphae are fully mature and can be taken off the bag. The best way to take off the bag is to choose a windless cloudy day, which is mainly to prevent the bacteria bar from losing water. When removing the bag, use a blade to gently tear off the plastic bag. After the bag was unpacked, the fungus rods were discharged on the bed frame of the greenhouse. The distance between the bars was 3 cm and the bed angle was 70 to 80 degrees. And it is required to cover the post-decapsulated mushroom stick with a film to facilitate moisturizing. 5. After the color-shifting management and budding mushroom mushroom sticks open the bag, due to the increase of light, oxygen is sufficient, and the humidity is increased. After a few days, the white sticky hyphae grows on the surface of the fungus bar. Then, the membrane is to be lifted twice a day. , increase the humidity within the membrane, so that the bacteria stick and dry air contact, forcing down the hyphae hyphae to form a pellicle. At the same time mycelia secrete a brown pigment, so that the pellicle gradually fades from dark to light, called "turn color." This is a normal sign of mycelial growth and hyphae maturation. The quality of the color change will have a close relationship with the mushroom mushroom stick sooner or later, the tide of the mushroom, the level of production, and the quality of the mushroom. In the color conversion stage, the temperature must be controlled between 20 and 25°C. The humidity should be controlled at about 85%, and the hand stick should not stick. If the humidity is too low, the surface of the fungus bar is not easy to change color. At the same time, it requires good ventilation inside the shed, and there is relatively strong scattered light. While performing color management, if the environmental conditions are suitable, the child entity primordial will occur synchronously during the color conversion management. After the normal color of the mushroom stick, it is necessary to carry out the activity of the mushroom. Shiitake mushroom is a kind of variable-temperature and solid mushroom. Under constant temperature conditions, the original mushroom base can not be formed at all. This is determined by the biological characteristics of shiitake mushrooms. Reproductive growth can only be achieved by varying temperature stimuli. Therefore, cold and warm, dry, wet and dry, and dark light are important means to promote the formation of fruiting bodies. In order to pull the temperature difference in the greenhouse, it is better to have a temperature difference of more than 10°C. It is better to keep the humidity at 85% to 90%. Touch the surface of the rod with the back of the hand to make it soft and not sticky. The shed still requires good ventilation and adequate scattered light. Sixth, after the occurrence of the management of the fruiting body after the occurrence of the management of sub-entities, we must focus on the four factors of temperature, humidity, light, and gas. In the summer, the mushroom temperature should be as low as possible, and the natural temperature in autumn should be better. In winter, the mushroom shed must be insulated. In short, the temperature range for mushroom growth should be controlled between 15 and 25°C, and the temperature should be too high. Low temperatures are not conducive to the growth of shiitake mushrooms. In the early growth period of the fruiting bodies of mushrooms, the relative humidity in the shed is 90%. After the diameter of the mullet is larger than the shank diameter, the humidity is 80% ～ 85%, which is a good way to improve the quality of the mushrooms, especially for the mushroom caps. The thickening is of great significance. Increased ventilation can reduce the occurrence of malformed mushrooms. If the ventilation in the shed is poor, the mushroom cover can not be well deployed, and the mushroom shank becomes hypertrophic and deformed and loses its commercial value. Ventilation and moisturizing are contradictory, and growers can handle the relationship between ventilation and moisturization according to specific conditions. Mushroom growth requires some scattered light, lack of light, mushroom cover color light brown and even yellow-gray, but also lead to mushroom stalk elongated, reducing commodity value. It is sufficient that the light intensity of a newspaper can be read smoothly in a general shed. Through the above-mentioned control of temperature and humidity. The regulation of the ventilation volume and the induction of the scattered light allow the primordia to grow smoothly. It usually takes 4 to 7 days from the occurrence of the primordium to the first tidal mushroom to mature. After the first mushroom is harvested, the water content of the mushroom bar is reduced. It is necessary to pay attention to moisturizing and ventilation, so as to promote recovery of mycelium and accumulation of nutrients. After one week, when the mushroom mycelium began to whitish, the fungus can be sprayed with water or immersed in water or treated with water, and the temperature difference in the shed was increased to induce the formation of the second tide body. After harvesting each mushroom, the mycelium should be allowed to recover mycelium growth, and after accumulation of nutrients, the management of the growth and development of the destructive mushroom and fruiting body should be conducted. The water immersion method and water injection method commonly used in the production of bacteria sticks are as follows: Water soaking method choose sunny, put the bacteria stick into the pool, compaction, to prevent floating. When immersed in water, use clean cold water. When the moisture content of the mushroom bar reaches 60% to 65%, remove it and re-pick up the mushroom on the culture rack. 2. Water injection method The sprayer nozzle was converted into 4 small nozzles, which were respectively connected with plastic pipes and the other end was docked with an injection rod (4 mm in diameter, 35 cm in length, drilled with 20 holes). Four injection rods were inserted into the rods, respectively, and water was injected using a nebulizer. This method has been widely used.

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