Occurrence and Control of Root-knot Nematode Disease in Vegetable Plants
2020-11-01 11:17:51
In recent years, with the rapid expansion of vegetable production area in our province, vegetable root-knot nematode disease has become more and more serious. The host range of root-knot nematodes is very wide. Except for onions and garlic, which have not yet been found to be infested, almost all other vegetables have been harmed, especially vegetables such as melons, solanes, and legumes are the most harmful. Farmers should pay attention to prevention and treatment.
First, the hazard characteristics Vegetable root-knot nematodes mainly damage plant roots, with lateral roots most vulnerable. A large number of root knots (ie root nodules) are formed in the affected roots, and the root system is atrophic and deformed. The structure of the root tissue is severely damaged or deformed. Water and nutrients cannot be transported normally, which seriously affects the absorption and utilization of water and nutrients in the plant roots. Causes the plant to grow weak, growth retardation, plant dwarf, lighter leaves, showing water shortage, lack of fertilizer, small old seedlings. When the weather is dry or the water supply is insufficient, the diseased plants will show wilting in the upper part of the ground before and after noon on sunny days and will recover sooner or later. In severe cases, the roots are necrotic, causing the plants to die and die. The bottom leaves are easily detached, the upper leaves are yellow, and the flowering of fruits and vegetables is delayed, the fruiting is poor or it can not be solid, and it is premature and premature.
Second, prevention and control methods to prevent root knot nematode vegetables, the key is to prevent intrusion.
1. Physical control.
(1) Use disease-resistant and disease-resistant varieties to cultivate disease-free strong seedlings. Seed soaking seed treatment or chemical treatment, carefully checked during transplanting, found that the diseased plants in a timely manner.
(2) Pay attention to the rotation. Although nematodes can infect a wide variety of vegetables, they have significant differences in the degree of disease. They can use vegetables that have a short growing period and are easy to change crops for rotation. They will change their disease-prone varieties and varieties of vegetables lightly and put them into practice for 3 years. In the above rotation, obvious results can be obtained. Melons, celery, and tomatoes are more susceptible to disease and suffer heavy damage, which can be accompanied by light vegetables such as onions, garlic, chives, and peppers. Severely affected land plots are best rotated with grass crops.
(3) In the summer, combined with the shed period, shallowly plough the soil 10 to 15 centimeters and spread lime (50 kilograms per shed). At the same time, buckle the sheds for about 15 days so that the temperature in the shed can reach 55°C or more, killing nematodes; The sorghum can be made well around the shed, soaked in water and combined with sheds to protect the nematode from high temperatures and flooding.
(4) Thoroughly dispose of the diseased plants, concentrate burning or deep burial; remove field weeds, increase organic fertilizers, and increase crop resistance and patience.
2. Chemical control.
Melons, celery, and tomatoes are more susceptible to disease. When planting, acupoints apply 10% Yishubao granules 5 kg/mu.
3. Biological control.
(1) Before planting, apply 1.8% of avermectin EC at 1.8 m to 6 kg of water per square meter. After planting, avermectin 3000 times is used to irrigate the roots twice. Each dose is 300 ml. 10 to 15 days.
(2) Quintinin was jointly developed by the Institute of Biological Control of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Yunnan Tobacco Research Institute. It is a kind of live bacteria preparation, safe, non-toxic, and without residue. It quickly germinates eggs, larvae and adults of parasitic root-knot nematodes after being applied into the soil. When the vegetables are planted, mix them with fine soil and spread them around the roots. Be careful not to mix the fungicides with the extinction threads.
(3) The application of functional microbial fertilizers for controlling root knot nematode diseases of vegetables is effective in the two critical periods of nursery and colonization.
First, the hazard characteristics Vegetable root-knot nematodes mainly damage plant roots, with lateral roots most vulnerable. A large number of root knots (ie root nodules) are formed in the affected roots, and the root system is atrophic and deformed. The structure of the root tissue is severely damaged or deformed. Water and nutrients cannot be transported normally, which seriously affects the absorption and utilization of water and nutrients in the plant roots. Causes the plant to grow weak, growth retardation, plant dwarf, lighter leaves, showing water shortage, lack of fertilizer, small old seedlings. When the weather is dry or the water supply is insufficient, the diseased plants will show wilting in the upper part of the ground before and after noon on sunny days and will recover sooner or later. In severe cases, the roots are necrotic, causing the plants to die and die. The bottom leaves are easily detached, the upper leaves are yellow, and the flowering of fruits and vegetables is delayed, the fruiting is poor or it can not be solid, and it is premature and premature.
Second, prevention and control methods to prevent root knot nematode vegetables, the key is to prevent intrusion.
1. Physical control.
(1) Use disease-resistant and disease-resistant varieties to cultivate disease-free strong seedlings. Seed soaking seed treatment or chemical treatment, carefully checked during transplanting, found that the diseased plants in a timely manner.
(2) Pay attention to the rotation. Although nematodes can infect a wide variety of vegetables, they have significant differences in the degree of disease. They can use vegetables that have a short growing period and are easy to change crops for rotation. They will change their disease-prone varieties and varieties of vegetables lightly and put them into practice for 3 years. In the above rotation, obvious results can be obtained. Melons, celery, and tomatoes are more susceptible to disease and suffer heavy damage, which can be accompanied by light vegetables such as onions, garlic, chives, and peppers. Severely affected land plots are best rotated with grass crops.
(3) In the summer, combined with the shed period, shallowly plough the soil 10 to 15 centimeters and spread lime (50 kilograms per shed). At the same time, buckle the sheds for about 15 days so that the temperature in the shed can reach 55°C or more, killing nematodes; The sorghum can be made well around the shed, soaked in water and combined with sheds to protect the nematode from high temperatures and flooding.
(4) Thoroughly dispose of the diseased plants, concentrate burning or deep burial; remove field weeds, increase organic fertilizers, and increase crop resistance and patience.
2. Chemical control.
Melons, celery, and tomatoes are more susceptible to disease. When planting, acupoints apply 10% Yishubao granules 5 kg/mu.
3. Biological control.
(1) Before planting, apply 1.8% of avermectin EC at 1.8 m to 6 kg of water per square meter. After planting, avermectin 3000 times is used to irrigate the roots twice. Each dose is 300 ml. 10 to 15 days.
(2) Quintinin was jointly developed by the Institute of Biological Control of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Yunnan Tobacco Research Institute. It is a kind of live bacteria preparation, safe, non-toxic, and without residue. It quickly germinates eggs, larvae and adults of parasitic root-knot nematodes after being applied into the soil. When the vegetables are planted, mix them with fine soil and spread them around the roots. Be careful not to mix the fungicides with the extinction threads.
(3) The application of functional microbial fertilizers for controlling root knot nematode diseases of vegetables is effective in the two critical periods of nursery and colonization.
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