Occurrence trend and integrated control of pests and weeds in the middle and late stages of wheat
As the growth of wheat was affected by the winter drought in 2007 and the low-temperature freezing injury in January-February 2008, the proportion of wheat in a class decreased, and the proportion of wheat in the second and third categories increased. After the wheat regreening period, strengthening the management of spring wheat fields, especially the prevention and control of pests in the middle and late stages of wheat is the key to achieving the 2008 wheat harvest.
First, the occurrence trend of wheat diseases and insect pests According to the current survey results of wheat field pests and diseases, combined with the comprehensive resistance of wheat varieties in the province, spring climatic conditions and other factors, it is predicted that the overall pests and diseases of wheat in the middle and late stages of wheat in 2008 will occur. Weeds, wheat sheath blight, stripe rust, leaf rust, leaf blight, powdery mildew, scab, wheat cyst nematode, midge, underground pests, aphids, wheat spiders, etc.
(1) Weeds in wheat fields. Moderate occurrence, with an area of ​​35 to 40 million mu, mainly based on amaranth, pork chop, sown wormwood, baocai grass, mother-in-law, wild rape, maiden, and wild oats.
(2) Sheath blight. Partially occurring occurs, and local rice buckwheat and high-density fields are recurring, with an area of ​​45 to 48 million mu. The peak period will last until the end of April.
(3) Stripe rust. Moderate occurrence, among which Nanyang, Xinyang, Zhumadian and other places have the possibility of occurrence of heavy weight, with an area of ​​10 million to 15 million mu. The onset of the disease is from mid-April to early May.
(4) Leaf rust. Moderate occurrence occurs in the middle and south of Henan Province, with an area of ​​18 million to 25 million mu. The hazard is in the middle and late May.
(5) Leaf blight. Moderate occurrence occurs in some areas, with an area of ​​20 million to 22 million mu. The hazard period is from late April to late May.
(6) Powdery mildew. Moderate occurrence, some rice buckwheat, high-yield irrigation areas, large groups of wheat fields occur heavily, with an area of ​​22 million to 27 million acres. The peak period is from early April to early May.
(7) Scab. If there is continuous rainy weather from late April to early May, it will occur more heavily, with an area of ​​more than 15 million mu.
(8) Wheat cyst nematode disease. It occurs lightly, and Xuchang, Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo and other places are partially biased, with an area of ​​15 million to 18 million mu.
(9) Wheat sucking insects. Partially occurred, including Pingdingshan, Zhumadian, Luohe, Nanyang, Zhoukou, Xuchang, Fuyang, Hebi, Anyang and other places, with an area of ​​17 million to 20 million mu. The adult feathering period is in the middle and late April.
(10) Underground pests. The occurrence is biased, with an area of ​​35 to 42 million mu.
(11) Aphids. Seedling stage aphids occur moderately. Aphids occur in the panicle stage, among which the central and northern parts of the western part of the country and the western part of Henan Province are recurring, with an area of ​​50 to 60 million mu. The hazard period is from late April to mid-May.
(12) Mai spider. Moderate occurrence, in which hills, mountains and dry land occur heavily, with an area of ​​20 million to 25 million mu. The hazard is from late March to mid-April.
Second, the comprehensive prevention and control technology of wheat pests and diseases
(1) Wheat returns to the jointing stage. This period of wheat pests and diseases mainly include weeds, sheath blight, wheat spiders, and golden worms. Control the broad-leaved weeds in the wheat field with 75% of the superstar dry suspending agent 1~1.5g, or 10% bensulfuron 10~15g, or 20% to make it 50~60ml of water spray to prevent and control the water; For weeds, 6.9% of spurs of milk can be used in 60-70 ml or 3% of Shima emulsifiable concentrates of 25 to 30 ml, and water is added in an amount of 30 to 45 kg to control the weed stems and leaves. For the control of sheath blight, use 20% Jinggangmycin wettable powder 30-40 grams per mu, or 12.5% ​​diniconazole wettable powder 20-30 grams, or 25% propiconazole EC 30-35 ml, add water 40~ 50 kg, aligned, sprayed on the base of the wheat stem. The control of wheat spiders is sprayed with 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution, or 20% hydrazine 2000 times solution, or 0.9% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times per acre. Prevention and control of underground pests such as golden worms, with 40% chlorpyrifos EC or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times per acre. In the wheat field where the pests and diseases occur at the same time, the above-mentioned fungicides and insecticides can be sprayed together to improve the work efficiency.
(2) Booting to heading. The wheat pests and diseases in this period mainly include powdery mildew, sheath blight, rust, aphids, larvae, red spiders, etc., which can combine pest control with foliar topdressing. 40-60 ml of chlorpyrifos EC 50-60 ml plus 0.9% avermectin EC per acre of wheat field, or 10-20 ml of 10% imidacloprid plus 10-25% oxazolol WP 30-40 g, or 20% Triadimefon EC 60-70 ml plus 25% propiconazole EC 30-35 g plus 200 mg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 40 kg of water, evenly sprayed. In the period of sputum worms, use 3% methyl isoflavone granules 3 kg plus 5% phoxim granules 3 to 5 kg, mix 20 kg of fine dry soil, evenly sprinkle into the wheat field, watering after application, prevention The effect of sucking insects is better.
(3) Heading to filling stage. The pests and diseases of wheat in this period mainly include wheat bran, first-generation sticky insects, larvae, stripe rust, leaf rust, leaf blight, powdery mildew and scab. Most of these pests and diseases have entered a rapid proliferative period from mid-April to early May. This period is the sensitive period of wheat to pests and diseases. It is also an important period for natural enemies to control pests. It should be based on the protection and utilization of natural enemies, and coordinate biological control and chemical control. Contradictions, promote pesticide compounding and one-time application at the same time to control a variety of pests and diseases. In the wheat, white powdery mildew, leaf blight, rust recurrence plot, using 12.5% ​​diniconazole wettable powder 30-40 grams per acre, or 20% triazolone EC 60-80 ml, or 25% propane ring 30 to 35 ml of azole cream, or 10 to 15 ml of 30% tebuconazole suspending agent plus 50% chlorpyrifos 8-10 g mixed conventional spray. In the case of the midwifery and disease recurrence, the above agent can be mixed with 4.5% 4.5% of the permethrin emulsifiable concentrate 20-30 ml or 2.5% of the Kungfu emulsifiable concentrate 25-30 ml, and a single conventional spray can treat a variety of pests and diseases.
III. Six issues that should be paid attention to In order to improve the control effect, reduce pesticide waste, and reduce environmental pollution, we should pay attention to six issues: First, choose to use biological pesticides or high-efficiency, low-toxic pesticides, minimize the use of chemical agents, and eliminate the use of methylamine. Phosphorus, methyl 1605, monocrotophos and other banned high-toxic pesticides; second, according to the prevention and treatment indicators, all wheat fields that meet the prevention and control indicators, should immediately carry out prevention and control, preventive work on diseases; third, pay attention to rotation drugs and Mixed use, avoiding the long-term use of a single pesticide, causing resistance to wheat pests and diseases, reducing the control effect; Fourth, pay attention to the application method, the liquid should be sprayed and sprayed, and the control of sheath blight, total erosion, etc. should be directed at wheat. The base of the stem is sprayed to prevent the upper part of the key sprayed plants of wheat blast and larvae; the fifth is to pay attention to the safe interval of application, and stop using the medicine 15 days before the harvest; the sixth is to pay attention to the spraying of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on the foliar surface to prevent premature senescence of the leaves. To prolong photosynthesis time, prevent dry hot air, and increase wheat yield and quality.
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