Seed cultivation of melon
1 biological characteristics
1.1 Morphological characteristics
The melon roots are developed, the main roots are more than 1 m deep, and the lateral roots are 2-3 m in diameter, but the dense root groups are distributed in the 15-28 cm plough layer and have a certain drought tolerance. Melon roots grow faster, are easy to cork, and have weak regenerative capacity.
1.2 Requirements for environmental conditions
Melon is a kind of plant that is taboo and wet. It is a crop that is warm, hi-light, drought-tolerant, and requires a lot of fertilizer and water during the expansion of the melon.
The seed germination is as low as 15 °C, and the temperature is 25-35 °C. The root growth is at the lowest temperature of 8 °C, the temperature is 34 °C, the highest temperature is 40 °C; the lowest temperature of root hair is 14 °C, and the temperature of fertility is 25-28 °C. In the result period, the temperature is strictly required, and the daily temperature is 27-30 °C, the night temperature is 15-18 °C, and the temperature difference between day and night is 13 °C or more, and sufficient sunshine is required. Melon is slow to develop at temperatures between 18 ° C and 12.30 ° C, and the sweetness and aroma are greatly reduced. Seed quality is also reduced, and pests and diseases are prone to occur. Melon requires a relatively dry environment, the relative humidity of the air is 50% to 60%. When the fruit is ripe, the air and soil moisture are too high, it is easy to disease and reduce the sweetness of the fruit. Melon's requirements for soil conditions are good for drainage, deep alluvial sandy soil and sandy loam soil, suitable for p(h) value of 6-8.
2 seed production techniques
2.1 Preparation before broadcast
Melon farming should be separated from other varieties of melons for more than 2 kilometers to prevent pollination and reduce seed quality. Melon avoids continuous cropping, and should be carried out for 3-5 years to reduce the occurrence of diseases. The previous crop is generally a large autumn crop or cabbage, radish, etc. After the plot is selected, the land preparation will be carried out before mid-April, the fertilizer will be applied to the fertilizer, the fertilizer will be applied less, and the decomposed pig manure, chicken manure or cattle and sheep will be applied per acre. Manure 5000-8000 kg, oil residue 100-200 kg, diammonium 50 kg, potassium sulfate 20-30 kg for base fertilizer. Deeply turn 30-40 cm, smash the clods and level the ground. Do it. Melon farming has a small amount of growth. The nutrient area is smaller than the commercial melon, and should be carefully planted. Generally, the width is 1.30 to 1.70 meters, and the groove width is o. 40 meters. The plant spacing is 0.15-0.30 m, and the row spacing should be determined according to the characteristics of the variety.
2.2 Live or nursery transplanting
Melon is suitable for live broadcast. After the seedling is released, the local frost period has passed. It is the basis for the best sowing date. It is best to soak seeds and germination, sow seeding, and seed 2-3 seeds per hole. When several seeds are broadcast live, each seed needs 5-6 seeds, each grain is about 2 cm away, and the soil is 1 2 cm. After sowing or sowing, the water is watered by a hole, covered with a small mound of 6-10 cm, and checked once after 5-6 days, and the mound is removed after emergence. The seeding rate per acre is 100-150 grams. If the seedlings are transplanted. It is better to raise seedlings such as nutritious alfalfa. When the seedling age is 30 to 35 days and 3 to 5 true leaves are planted.
2.3 Field Management
2.3.1 Miao and Ding Miao
Melon can be unearthed 7 to 10 days after the live broadcast. Wait for the cotyledons to expand. When the true leaves are to be present, the first seedlings will be selected, and the best seedlings will be selected. The seedlings will be 3-4 seedlings per hole; the second seedlings will be carried out in 2 to 3 true leaves, and 2 to 3 seedlings will be left in each hole: 4 ―5 pieces of true leaves will be fixed, leaving one plant per hole.
2.3.2 cultivating and cultivating soil
In the early spring, the ground temperature is low, and the cultivating can not only loosen the topsoil, increase the permeability, increase the ground temperature, but also prevent drought and protect the phlegm. The seedlings of the live broadcast can be shallow cultivating when the leaves are unfolded. Generally, only the topsoil is loosened, the cracks are filled, and the cedars are broken. The second cultivating is to carry out fine cultivating once after planting or planting, first weeding and killing grass, and then combining the broken clods to loosen the topsoil. The closer to the rhizome, the shallower the cultivating, the farther it can be deep-cultivated; after the seedling or planting, Combined with cultivating, the soil should be cultivated in the roots to fix the vines and prevent wind damage. The soil also has the effect of protecting the rhizome.
2.3.3 irrigation and topdressing
The melon seedling stage is mainly controlled, and the first female flower is opened in front of the mantle, and the water is lightly irrigated to promote the growth of stems and leaves, laying a good foundation for flowering and fruit setting. However, in the initial flowering and fruiting period, it is necessary to control the irrigation to prevent stems from growing. Causes the melon. After the fruit set, it should be irrigated 1-2 times. In order to meet the needs of the expansion of the melon, the irrigation should be stopped 1 week before harvesting.
For each 1000 kilograms of melon produced, about 2.50-3.50 kilograms of nitrogen, 1.30-1.70 kilograms of phosphorus, and 4.40-6.80 kilograms of potassium are required, and the absorption in the result period is the largest. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the combination of the three factors when fertilizing. Generally, the basic fertilizer should account for 1/2-2/3 of the total fertilization amount, and the concentrated ditch or acupoint application should be based on cake fertilizer and human feces. The topdressing stage is mainly nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer. In the result stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added to improve product quality.
2.3.4 Topping and pressing
The melon seedlings are unrolled in 2-3 pieces or 4-5 pieces of true leaves, that is, the growth points of the seedlings are removed together with the leaflets.
In order to promote melon early maturity, when the seedlings are in the heart of the leaves, carefully remove the growth points with bamboo sticks. This method takes 4-5 days earlier than when the third leaf is grown. So early in mind, the use of "tip" method is an important technical measure to promote early hair. When the seedlings have 5 true leaves, the 5th true leaves are smashed together with the growth point. This method is more prolonged than that of the vines, but it is beneficial to root development and high yield in the middle and late stages.
Melon pressing vines generally use a light pressure, and the clods can be pressed on the leaves or vines. The vine can regulate the growth of melon.
2.3.5 Pruning
In addition to some early-maturing varieties, melon pruning, because the female flowers appear early and more, can be used for laissez-faire cultivation or pruning. The majority of the varieties are mainly sun-dried melons, which should be pruned. The pruning methods are single vine, double vine, three vine and multi vine. The most commonly used in production are double vine and four vine. The single-vine main vine does not pick the heart, leaving the result of the middle section of the fourth section above. Double vines, three vines, and multiple vines, the main vines are topped in 3-5 knots, and two, three or more strong vines are selected, and the vines on the appropriate parts of the vines or the vines are stalked and meloned. After leaving 2 leaves to pick the heart. Melon leaves less, the single melon is small, mature early; stay more vines, mature late, melon big, high yield.
Melon pruning work is generally tight before and after loosening. Before fruit setting, it is necessary to pick up the heart and remove the right. After sitting fruit, it is not strict. When the field is closed in the later stage, the tip of the vine that extends to the side of the ridge should be removed in time.
2.3.6 harvest
When the melon fruit reaches physiological maturity, it should be harvested in time. To identify the ripeness of melon, there are two methods: First, calculate the number of days of fruiting, from the opening of female flowers to the ripening of fruits. Generally, early maturity is about 30 days, medium ripening is about 35 days, and late ripening is more than 40 days. The second is to observe the characteristics of fruit ripening. The peel shows the inherent color of the variety, which is smooth and shiny, and has a strong aroma. The fingertips emit a turbid “flutter†sound; the hand is lightly pinched or lightly pressed to feel elastic or soft. : Some varieties of guaty fall away, or there are cracks around the joint between the fruit stalk and the fruit.
3 seed
Melon seed should be selected as a maturing, high-yielding robust parent plant, artificially assisted pollination, or bee pollination in the field. Each plant only leaves 2 to 3 head melons in the middle of the stems, and removes the remaining female flowers. After maturity, the field is selected for primary selection, and after harvesting, the selected fruit seeds and the placenta tissue are placed in a non-metallic container, and washed, dried, and stored after 2-3 days of fermentation.
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