Standardized cultivation of Chinese herbal medicine Gentian

Chinese herbal medicine Gentian is a perennial herb, indicating hot and cold jaundice, acute infectious hepatitis, cholecystitis, fulminant headache, and ecstatic epilepsy. It is one of the key protected and developed varieties of the country. In recent years, the output has dropped, the market demand is soaring, and supply exceeds supply. Prices have increased year by year and have risen from 30 yuan per kilogram to 40 yuan. For every 667 square meters of dry goods 200 to 350 kg, calculated according to the current purchase price of 26 to 30 yuan, the output value is 5,000 to 7,000 yuan per 667 square meters, the product is produced in 3 years, and the average annual income is more than 2,000 yuan, which is 10 for ordinary food crops. Around a time, it is a good breed for farmers to get out of poverty. 1. Growth environment. Adaptability, hillside, grassland, woodland, wasteland can be, like sunny, more humid climate, you can winter. Mainly distributed in four provinces in northeast China, North China, East China, South China and other places. 2. Planting technology. 1 selection. Choose sandy soil land with sunny, thick soil, drought-resistant, well-drained and fertile. 2 Site preparation: deep plowing 30-40 cm, leveling and boring, applying 2,000 kg of compost or manure per 667 square meters, making a flat bed with a width of 60-90 centimeters. 20 centimeters is good, but it can also be grown in large ridges of 70 centimeters. 3 Sowing: May to May or September. Sowing rate 3 to 4 grams per square meter. Method: Shoot the seedbed, the more level the better, the boring machine will be irrigated, and the seeds can be sown after the water seeps. Mix the seeds with 10 to 20 times fine sand, mix well, and tap gently with a 40-mesh sieve to evenly sow the husk, then cover about 1 mm of fine soil, and cover the bed frame with a film to raise and maintain the temperature. humidity. 4 Seedling management: After sowing, it is mainly the control of temperature, humidity and light. Seed germination and seedling growth are moderately warm at 20–25°C. Slow growth below 15°C and bed temperatures exceeding 30°C are detrimental to seedling growth. Use ventilation and cover shades to control temperature and light, prevent direct light, soil moisture content should be about 40%, seed germination stage and seedling stage avoid flooding irrigation and rainfall, apply Rungou method Moisture to prevent lodging and death. When the seedlings grow two pairs of true leaves to remove the cover, strengthen the exercise of the seedlings, but also cover the shade when the light intensity. 3. Transplanting method. Autumn is planted from September to October and spring is planted from April to May. Transplanting seedlings should be selected for 3 years, selected strong, disease-free, non-rooted seedlings, planted by row spacing 20 to 25 cm, 15 cm spacing. Planting method: Start on the side of the planthopper first, dig the slope type transplanting tank, and determine the depth of the planting according to the length of the seeding root. Apply 25-30 kg of calcium phosphate per 667 square meters and cover the soil to cover the bud base 3 to 4 Centimeter is appropriate. 4. Field management. 1 Weeding: The first weeding is performed when the seedling height is about 5 cm, and then once a month. 2 Irrigation: Watering in time when drought occurs, mainly with sewerage or bed surface irrigation, avoid large irrigation. 3 Drainage: In case of rain or torrential rain, the digging drainage ditch can be eliminated in time. 4 Autumn tube: If no seed is left, buds will be collected during the formation of the buds in August to increase the weight of the roots; after the plants withered in the end of autumn, the residual stems will be removed, and 2 cm thick circle dung or fine soil shall be covered on the surface of the pods. Protect wintering buds safely for winter. 5 Seedlings: Selection of robust plant seeds for more than 3 years. The fruit is a capsule, cracked, with 2,000 to 4,000 grains per fruit. When harvesting, the plants were cut and tied into small handles, placed in the room, and the seeds were cooked. After half a month, the small handles were inverted, and the seeds were lightly tapped. The seeds were selected twice with a 40-mesh sieve and a 60-mesh sieve. Place the seeds in a cloth bag, put it in a dry and ventilated place, or use it for sale. 5. Pest control. 1 spot blight: It is the main disease of gentian grass and it is seriously damaged. The onset began in June, and the onset was heavier in July-August. Control methods: From the end of May, spray Kongxinmycin agent 50 mg/kg, once every 10 days, even spray 3~5 times; or use thiophanate-methyl 600 times solution or double effect 300~500 Liquid spray, once every 7 to 10 days, 3 to 5 times in a row. Clear and burn diseased leaves and leaves to reduce the source of overwintering. 2 Brown spot: onset in June, severe from July to August, and the control method is the same as above. 3 Flower bud flies: larvae damage flower buds, larvae before the buds have been opened, the pistil, stamens and other flowers have been light, resulting in the damaged flowers can not be strong. Control methods: can spray omethoate control. 4 Underground pests: There are mainly roots such as cockroaches, cockroaches, and wireworms, which can be applied 1000 times to zinc toxin in soil preparation, rake, or ridge, or be sprayed and disinfected with 1,000 times zinc-phosphorus liquid. 6. Harvesting and processing. 1 Harvest: Harvested in spring and autumn. Choose 3 years of plant, high yield and good quality. Do not injure the roots when harvesting, remove plants from the ground, dig underground roots, and remove dirt. 2 Processing: Wash the roots to dry or dry. When it is dry to 70%, the roots should be straightened, bundled, dried, or sun dried until dry but dry. 7. Storage and storage. The processed medicines are packed in cloth bags and placed in a ventilated and dry place. Attention should be paid to moisture, tamper-proof, oil-proof, smoke, and other pollution.

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