Sunflower fertilization technology
1, base fertilizer
species. The organic fertilizer is mainly used in combination with chemical fertilizers.
Fertilization period and method. Combining basal fertilization with fall-turning land is more conducive to fertilizing and improving seedling emergence than when it is applied during the spring season. Fertilization methods, combined with mechanical operations, use applicator, and plow till uniform. Mara farm equipment operations, the fertilizer applied in the ditch, and then ridge.
Fertilizer dosage. Organic manure 1000-2000 kilograms per acre, chemical fertilizer, 5-8 kilograms of nitrogen, 4-5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5). Potassium fertilizer can be mastered according to soil potassium content obtained from soil testing. Potassium, which does not meet normal standards, can be applied with 3-4 kg of potassium sulfate per acre.
2, seed fertilizer.
Phosphorus is the main fertilizer applied to achieve the purpose of strong seedlings. Such as ammonium bicarbonate or ordinary calcium phosphate plus a small amount of urea as a fertilizer can also be.
Fertilizer usage. Combine sowing with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer 2-3 cm under the seed, or 2-3 cm beside the seed.
3, top dressing.
The fertilizer applied after the emergence of sunflower is called top dressing. Sunflower is a crop that requires more fertilizer. Basal fertilizer and mouth fat alone cannot fully meet the needs of nutrients for vegetative growth and reproductive growth of sunflower after flowering and late growth. Especially in summer sowing sunflower, topdressing is more important in the case of insufficient base fertilizer or no base fertilizer. Top dressing is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with a certain amount of potash fertilizer. Fertilizers include ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium chloride and other fertilizers as well as decomposed manure, turfgrass and other available fertilizers. In addition, it also includes trace elements such as zinc, molybdenum, manganese, and copper. The determination of the quantity and timing of sunflower topdressing is mainly based on factors such as fertilizer requirements at different fertility stages, soil fertility, weather conditions, and the amount of base fertilizer and mouth fertilizer applied. At the same time, production is often combined with field management measures. . From the bud to the flowering stage of sunflower, it is during the vigorous production stage that vegetative growth and reproductive growth are carried out at the same time. It needs more nutrients and concentration, so topdressing should be arranged before this period. In general, nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer are effective when applied to 7 to 8 pairs of leaves. It is generally applied at a small pit 10 to 15 cm from the base of the rhizome of a sunflower, and then soiled. The depth of fertilization depends on the type of topdressing fertilizer and the degree of soil moisture. The readily volatile fertilizers such as ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water should be applied deep. When the drought and dry soil are dry, the fertilizer should be applied deep so that the fertilizer can contact the wet soil and the fertilizer effect can be promptly played. Such as the use of cultivator and early top dressing, can be combined with the first cultivator, plough depth of 8 to 10 cm, must be about 15 cm from the seedlings. When fertilizer is applied late, it can be combined with the last cultivator. Fertilizer can be applied between rows, and the tillage depth is still 8 to 10 cm. In short, when top dressing, it is necessary to pay attention to the depth and apply wet soil layer, but do not damage the root system of the plant by deep application, and pay attention so that the fertilizer does not get too close to the plant and burn the root.
4, foliar spray fertilizer.
The spraying of 0.005% zinc, copper, manganese and molybdenum solutions during the budding stage of sunflower can increase the actual oil content of the seeds, reduce the emptying rate and increase the fullness of the seeds. Foliar spraying with 0.1% urea solution has obvious effect on yield increase. Spraying 1:3:3 nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium solution when sunflower blossom can significantly increase production and increase oil content.
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