The breeding law of Boer goats

(I) Sexual maturity and appropriate initial age The age at which the male and female lambs exhibit their first estrus after birth is the puberty, often called sexual maturation, when secondary sexual characteristics have emerged and can produce mature reproduction. Cells (spermatozoa or eggs) have the ability to reproduce offspring, but are not suitable for immediate breeding. Boer goat mothers usually have 6-8 months of puberty, and 40% to 60% of their annual weight. Rams have sexual behavior at 4 months of age, such as crawling, can discharge sperm. However, due to the fact that male and female ewes are not fully mature when they reach sexual maturity, the premature mating pair itself and the offspring's growth and development are unfavorable. Therefore, the Boer goat ewes generally have an initial age of more than 10 months, and the rams have an initial age of more than 12 months. (2) Estrus and estrus identification 1. The estrus Boer goats are precocious and estrus animals. The puberty period is generally 6-8 months and the estrus season is obvious. In the spring and autumn seasons, when the temperature is suitable and the fodder is abundant, the estrus is relatively concentrated and estrus is rare in summer. The estrus cycle is 19-24 days, with an average of 21 days. The duration of estrus is 24-48 hours. Ovulation begins 30-40 hours after estrus begins. Nursing ewes can be estrus 7-10 days after weaning. Ejaculation estrus is mainly manifested as: excitement, tweets, constantly swinging tail, frequent urination, climbing across other ewes, loss of appetite, congestion and swelling of the genitals are red, vaginal relaxation and secretion of mucus, and sometimes from the genital outflow. Abnormal estrus, due to malnutrition, improper feeding and management, or sudden changes in environmental conditions. Common are the following: Quiet estrus: Due to lack of estrogen secretion, estrus lack of obvious estrus performance, but ovarian ovarian follicles mature and ovulate. Short estrus: The estrus period is very short. If you do not pay attention, you miss the breeding period. Eruption of estrus: Ewes have a long period of estrus, and estrus is intermittent, often occurs in early spring malnourished ewes. 2. Estrus identification in the breeding of Boer goats; estrus identification is a very important part. The purpose of the identification is to promptly find the estrus ewes and correctly master the time of mating or artificial insemination in order to prevent accidental misfitting and to reduce the conception rate and lambing rate. There are three main methods for the identification of estrus in goats: External observation method: It is a commonly used method to identify ewes in ewes and is mainly determined by observing the external performance and mental state of ewes. The Boer Goat's ewes showed marked excitement, loss of appetite, cessation of rumination, loud vocalizations, tails, genital and vaginal engorgement, swelling, and relaxation, and the discharge or excretion of a small amount of mucus during estrus. Vaginal examination method: This is a more accurate method of estrus identification. Judging whether or not estrus occurs by examining the changes in the vaginal mucosa, secretions, and cervix ostia with an opener. During the vaginal examination, the ewe is first secured, the vulva is washed, then the opener is cleaned, disinfected, and coated with lubricant. The inspector holds the opener in the left hand, closes the front end, and slowly inserts it from the vault entrance. Open the front end and check the internal vaginal changes with a flashlight. When the vaginal mucous membrane is found to be hyperemia, red, the surface is bright and moist, there is a clear mucous exudation, the cervix is ​​congested, relaxed, open, and there is mucus outflow, then it can be determined as estrus. After the inspection, close the opener and gently withdraw. Test method: Put the test ram into the ewes once a day or 2 times a day. The location of the test site should be leveled so that it can be easily observed and driven away from the ewes. When the ram is put into the ewes group, the staff members do not yell. They can drive the ewes to the proper level so that the ewes are not crowded together. When the ram is found to be sniffing the ewes or using hooves to tease the ewes, or even climb to the back of the ewes, and the ewes stand still or actively approach the ram, such ewes are estrus mothers. sheep. At this point, the estrus ewes should be immediately isolated for breeding. It takes about 1 hour for the trial time. (3) Determining Ovulation Time and Timely Breeding Boer goats ovulate most of the time in the late stage of estrus. 90% of young goats ovulate within 30 hours after the onset of estrus. 75% to 85% of the ewes ovulated about 40 hours after the onset of estrus. According to the relevant information, the suitable breeding time is usually 5-8 hours before the end of estrus, that is, 30-35 hours after the onset of estrus, breeding can be started on average. The young sheep are slightly advanced and the sheep are delayed slightly. In addition, according to the needs of estrus, long-lasting oestrus can be re-assigned at intervals of 5-10 hours. China Agricultural Network Editor

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