The damage of feed mold and preventive measures
During the rainy season, the air has a relatively high humidity. If the feed is improperly stored, it will easily become moldy, and the various nutrients in the moldy feed will be destroyed, and the nutritional quality of the feed will decline, even completely losing its use value. After the livestock and poultry feed on the rotten and deteriorating feed, the toxins will accumulate in the animals, causing poisoning and even death of livestock and poultry, causing huge economic losses to the enterprises that produce and sell feeds and farmers, and affecting the feed industry and animal husbandry production. development of. At the same time, the residues of mycotoxins and their metabolites in animal products can cause serious harm to human health through the food chain.
First, the cause of mildew in feed
1. The growth and reproduction of environmental molds are closely related to regional climate conditions and seasons. In warm and humid climates, molds will multiply. In China, whether it is feed ingredients or feed products, the mold detection rate and the amount of mold carriers are much higher in the southern region than in the northern region. Especially during the rainy season, mold growth was the most prosperous.
2. Moisture content of feed ingredients High moisture is one of the important factors that cause moldy feed. With high water content, the feed is susceptible to mildew during storage. The water content in the feed reaches 13%~14%, which is conducive to the growth of mold. When the moisture content exceeds 14%, the mold reproduction rapidly. The moisture content of corn, rice and other cereals as raw feed ingredients is 17% to 18%, which is the most suitable condition for growth and reproduction of mold. This kind of feed material can easily mold after being crushed. Therefore, we must strictly control the moisture content of feed ingredients.
3. The feed processing process should be strictly in accordance with the required standards and requirements of the standard operation strictly control the feed temperature and moisture content, improper treatment of some links will cause mildew. If the feedstuff is not completely cooled after processing, and the dead corners of the easily-stored materials are not cleaned in time, it will cause the feed to become moldy.
4. Improper storage and transport of feeds Stores storing feed and feed products should be provided with ventilation, drying, and cool conditions. Feed specifications and heights should be suitable. Feed materials, newly produced feeds, and returned feed should be stored separately to avoid cross-infection. The warehouse where feeds are stored is wet, and pests are serious. Uncleaned and regularly disinfected, unreasonable feed stacking, long storage time, and rain, sun exposure, etc., during transportation can cause moldy feed.
Second, the risk of moldy feed
The nutrient and nutritive value in moldy feed will be reduced, which in turn will reduce the utilization of nutrients such as feed dry matter and protein in livestock and poultry. At the same time, the palatability of moldy feeds deteriorated. Mildew feeds produce a variety of toxins, such as aflatoxin, ochratoxin, ochratoxin, Fusarium toxin, and penicillin, all of which can cause harm to livestock and poultry. Then, people eat contaminated animal foods such as meat, eggs, and milk, and when they do, vomiting and poisoning may cause vomiting, poisoning of the human body, malformation of the human body, liver disease, kidney disease, and even cancer.
Third, measures to prevent mildew in feed
1. Strictly control the moisture content of feed products Select high-quality, low-moisture feed products. The moisture content of cereals is generally controlled to be below 13% to 14%. For example, the moisture content of corn should be below 12.5%. The water content of vegetable cakes, bran, fish meal, etc. should not exceed 12%. The forage crop should be dried quickly after harvest and must be kept dry and uniform. In the north, the moisture content of feed products must be controlled below 14%, and the south must be controlled below 12.5%.
2. Control the temperature and moisture in the process to prevent the moisture absorption of the moisture-absorbing feed if the heat is not completely during the processing, which will cause the moisture to condense and cause the feed to be prone to mold. Therefore, after feed processing, it should be cooled to below room temperature in time, and then it should be packaged and stored after reaching the required water content.
3. Pay attention to the storage, packaging and transportation conditions of feed products. Control the temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions of the storage feed warehouse. The packaging of feed products should ensure good sealing to cut off the air source of aerobic mold. During the transportation process, the feed should be covered so as to avoid the sun and rain, so as to prevent the mildew of feed products.
4. Other measures In addition to the above conventional measures to prevent mildew in food, there are other methods. Such as: Add anti-mold agent, anti-oxidant, breeding anti-mildew varieties, using mycotoxin adsorbent, ultraviolet radiation and so on.
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