The "Overlord" cold wave is coming! How does the tea garden respond?
At present, a New Year's Eve cold wave is brewing and is ready to go. It is expected that from December 28 to 31, this "overlord" cold wave will sweep across most areas of my country from north to south, bringing "quick freezing" cooling and mixed rain and snow. This will be the process of the cold wave that will affect our country this winter.
The cold wave hits, and most of the tea areas in our country are within its influence.
So this "Overlord" cold wave
Will it have a serious impact on tea production?
What are the technologies to deal with extreme low temperatures?
How to do disaster recovery technical measures?
Please look down...
The impact of this cold wave on tea production
Studies have shown that when the temperature is lower than 0℃, large-leaf or semi-arbor tea trees will be frozen, while shrub-type medium and small-leaved tea trees will suffer freezing at -10℃. In addition, before this cold wave, there have been many times of cooling in tea areas in various places, and tea trees have strengthened their own cold resistance through their own cold acclimation process. Therefore, the cold wave is expected to have little impact on most adult tea gardens, but for young tea gardens and mountain tea gardens, emergency prevention and control measures should be taken in time. Take preventive and countermeasures in advance to minimize the harm of extreme low temperature to tea gardens and ensure the production of spring tea next year.
Emergency Prevention and Control Technology of Extreme Low Temperature in Tea Garden
Emergency Prevention and Control Technology of Extreme Low Temperature in High Mountain Tea Garden
01 Cover antifreeze
Non-woven fabrics, mulch film or sunshade nets can be used to directly cover the tea tree canopy surface in high mountain grown-up tea gardens, and the coverage of the canopy 10-20cm above the canopy surface is better. The effect of non-woven fabric is better than other materials. If it can be covered with materials such as straw and crop straw, the prevention and control effect of extreme low temperature will be better. After the temperature rises, the covering should be removed in time.
02 Drainage and antifreeze
For high-altitude tea gardens that are accompanied by rain and snow when the low temperature and cold waves come, the accumulated water in the tea garden should be drained in time to prevent the soil and roots from freezing. If the temperature warms up after the cold wave, the rain and snow weather can increase soil moisture, use the latent heat of the water to increase the ground temperature, and to a certain extent alleviate the freezing damage caused by the extreme low temperature. However, for high-altitude tea gardens, if the cold wave drops too sharply and lasts for a long time, rain and snow may aggravate the occurrence of freezing damage.
03 barrier antifreeze
In addition to the drastic cooling during the cold wave, the gale lasted longer. High-mountain tea gardens should also prevent windy weather caused by low temperature. Wind barriers can be built at the north and west vents of the tea garden. Generally, straw curtains are the best material for wind barriers. Plastic film can also be used to achieve "front light transmission, rear The purpose of protecting the body, walking forward without covering the shadow behind.
04 Spray cold and antifreeze
The latest research confirms that exogenous spraying of calcium ions, abscisic acid, proline, betaine, γ-aminobutyric acid and other substances can quickly improve the cold resistance of tea plants, and research has found that exogenous application of melatonin, brassin Esters and seaweed fermentation broth containing brown algae oligosaccharides can also improve the cold resistance of tea trees to a certain extent. For adult tea trees in high-altitude tea areas, cold and antifreeze agents can be sprayed on the leaves before the extreme low temperature weather comes to enhance the tea trees' tolerance to extreme low temperatures.
Emergency prevention and control technology for extreme low temperature in second-young tea garden
01 Cultivate soil or apply base fertilizer to prevent freezing
The cold resistance of young tea trees is weaker than that of adult tea trees. Therefore, preventing the rhizomes of tea plants from freezing is a key measure to prevent low temperature in young tea gardens. Combined with farming, covering the roots of young tea trees with soil to protect the roots of tea trees can ensure to a certain extent that key parts of tea trees are not harmed by extreme low temperatures. In addition, before the arrival of extreme cold weather, the base fertilizer can be reapplied. Base fertilizer not only helps keep the tea garden warm and frost-proof, but also helps young tea trees grow in the second year.
02 Paving grass between rows to prevent freezing
Using straw or plastic film to cover the rows of young tea trees can reduce the impact of extreme low temperature on tea trees. Paving grass in tea gardens is not only easy to operate, time-saving and labor-saving, but also cost-saving. It is very effective for young tea trees to resist extreme low temperatures. The materials for laying grass can be straw, wheat straw, corn stalk, green manure stalk, weed, tea branch, etc. After the weeds rot, they can release their nutrients, improve the soil structure of the tea garden, and increase the ability of the soil to retain fertilizer, which is beneficial to the growth of tea trees.
03 Frost protection for facility cultivation
Before the arrival of cold air, if the area of ​​young tea gardens is relatively concentrated, the plastic film of the *** scaffold structure can be used to cover the winter. This is an effective way to protect young tea trees from the winter. For tea gardens that have built plastic film facilities, if the temperature in the shed is still very low, the temperature in the shed can be increased by means of heating by a fuel fan to ensure that the tea garden cultivated in a facility is not damaged by freezing. If the low temperature is accompanied by snowfall, the snow outside the facility should be cleared in time to prevent the collapse of the greenhouse and other facilities.
Tea garden extreme low temperature disaster recovery technology
01 Strengthen soil and nutrient management
Tea trees that are endangered by extreme low temperatures should encourage early spring fertilizer application, thin fertilizer application, and nitrogen fertilizer as the mainstay. Combined application of foliar fertilizer can enhance tree vigor. For plants with severe freezing damage, the fertilization measures should be adjusted according to the condition of the tree after budding. For tea plants with frozen roots, extra-root topdressing can be performed after the leaves on the new shoots mature. After the temperature rises, intertillage and weeding can be used to improve the air permeability of the soil and enhance the absorption vitality of tea roots.
For tea gardens that are harmed by extreme low temperatures, the nutrients stored in the tea trees will inevitably be depleted, especially young tea trees, which are likely to lose the functional leaves of the canopy. Young tea gardens should focus on cultivating the canopy, so it is necessary to apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in time.
02 Prune and replenish seedlings in time after spring
After the tea tree suffers from extreme low temperature, some of the leaves in the canopy will lose photosynthesis. When the temperature warms up, the frost-damaged tea garden should be inspected in time. If the branches are found to be frost-damaged, they should be pruned in time, and all the frost-damaged branches should be cut off. Those with less frost damage can be trimmed lightly. When pruning lightly, pay attention to whether the degree of pruning should be light or not heavy. For 1-2 year-old tea trees with serious frost damage, if the freezing death rate is not high, you can adopt the method of stereotyped pruning, cut off some of the dead branches, and replant strong seedlings in time.
03 Pay attention to the management of pests and diseases in tea gardens after low temperature damage
Tea gardens affected by extreme low temperatures are prone to diseases such as tea anthracnose and pests such as aphids, scales, and long beetles. The litter with insect eggs and pathogenic bacteria should be removed in time. After the garden is cleared, spray the whole garden with lime sulfur mixture once, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of diseases and insects in the tea garden in the second year.
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