The spread of bovine tuberculosis and its prevention measures

How to treat bovine tuberculosis? Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that can occur in both humans and animals. The most fundamental source of this epidemic is the herd or wild animals carrying M. bovis. Let's learn about the epidemiological characteristics and prevention of bovine tuberculosis.

1 Characteristics and methods of epidemic spread of bovine tuberculosis

Bovine tuberculosis is a contagious epidemic disease. There are two main pathogens, M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. In the mode of transmission, it is roughly divided into three forms, namely, the way of digestive tract transmission, the way of respiratory tract transmission and the way of skin mucosa transmission. The cow is the main host of this disease. Among them, cows are the most serious, buffalo is second, and yellow cattle and yaks are relatively poor. Of course, this disease occurs among other animals, and infections occur in pigs, deer, and monkeys, and horses and sheep rarely occur. Wild animals are more likely than livestock. People are also susceptible groups, which form a mutual infection between humans and animals, while tuberculosis animals are an important source of infection. Because animals with tuberculosis or human organs have lesions, the disease will excrete bacteria through feces, urine, milk, and even tracheal secretions, and disease pollution will occur around the pathogens. Lead to the spread of the disease. This disease usually occurs regardless of the season and can occur all year round. If the breeding environment in the barn is damp and dark, the manure is not cleaned up in time or the feed is bad, etc., it will cause bovine tuberculosis.

At one time, bovine tuberculosis spread widely across the globe. This has attracted the attention of national health organizations and the implementation of a nationally appropriate policy system in their respective countries to eradicate and treat bovine tuberculosis in livestock. Now, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has identified more than 20 countries such as Australia, Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland, Singapore, and Canada as countries without tuberculosis. However, the disease still exists in some countries in Asia and Africa. The prevention and control of this disease still needs attention. Especially in recent years, with the deepening of scientific research, relevant scholars have further confirmed that this disease can be transmitted between humans and animals. According to relevant data, the probability of human infection with bovine tuberculosis has exceeded 10%. With the continuous development of China's economy, people's living standards are getting higher and higher, and the demand for fresh milk is also increasing year by year, so this has accelerated the number of cows raised. At present, the number of dairy cows in China exceeds 10 million, but it is still mainly based on small-scale farms. Large-scale farms are still under-represented. Due to the small size of the farm, there is still a lack of preventive measures. This has led to the probability of bovine tuberculosis infection. There are many ways to spread bovine tuberculosis, the most common of which is through respiratory transmission. Cattle with bovine tuberculosis is sprayed to the breeder by sneezing, etc., and the breeder infects the disease to other healthy people or cattle, so that a cross-propagation chain forms between the animal and the human. . Because bovine tuberculosis has not been completely eradicated, it is a problem that must be faced for human eradication of tuberculosis. Only when bovine tuberculosis is solved first will it completely conquer tuberculosis and clear the obstacles. Thereby ensuring human health.

2 Diagnosis and control measures for bovine tuberculosis

2.1 Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis

The general symptoms of tuberculosis are mostly anorexia, weight loss, difficulty breathing, weak body, swollen lymph nodes and even coughing. In medical testing, it relies on professional technical means and testing methods to judge and confirm. There are many similarities in the clinical manifestations of bovine tuberculosis and avian tuberculosis. For the difference between the two, the intradermal metamorphosis reaction method is generally used to judge the difference. You can determine which kind of disease is infected, and then prescribe the right medicine.

The most authoritative standard method for determining bovine tuberculosis is the use of bacterial separation. Although this method is regarded as a golden method in various current diagnostic methods, it is time-consuming and laborious, and it also needs to be detected when the cattle are sterilized. Therefore, in practical applications, it is not extensive.

2.2 Prevention of bovine tuberculosis

Any disease should be treated to prevent greater than the treatment, so as to better ensure the health of people and animals. In order to better prevent bovine tuberculosis, related vaccines have been continuously developed and updated. The most widely used vaccine for bovine tuberculosis is the familiar BCG vaccine. However, its control effect on bovine tuberculosis is not very stable because it is affected by many aspects. Other types of vaccines for bovine tuberculosis, in terms of clinical manifestations, there is no data showing how much better than BCG. In areas where bovine tuberculosis is severely affected, BCG can still control bovine tuberculosis to a certain extent, but its sustained protection is still to be verified. There is no data to show that it can have a long-term control effect on bovine tuberculosis. .

Because of the widespread and highly contagious disease that has long plagued human and animal health, bovine tuberculosis has never stopped the prevention and control of this disease. The vaccine for this disease has also been tested and developed. I hope that in the near future, people will find better vaccines to eradicate such diseases.

2.3 Treatment methods for cattle tuberculosis animals

For sick animals that have been identified as bovine tuberculosis, the general approach is to isolate. Ensure the health of other herds. For diseased cows, if they are found to have no therapeutic value, they will be directly slaughtered and treated in the later stage. The sick beef is strictly not allowed to go on the market. If the diseased cow is not diseased, the beef can be processed and sold. In the detection, the inspectors must be strict and strict, so as to ensure that people's health is not threatened.

The above content comes from the headline number Jishan Huayao, like a friend can pay attention, bovine tuberculosis is actually a preventable disease, we must pay more attention to prevent this.

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