Water-soluble fertilizer application "understand paper"
As a new type of fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer not only has various formulas, but also has flexible application methods compared with traditional fertilizers. Water-soluble fertilizers can be irrigated in the soil, so that the roots of the plants are fully in contact with the fertilizer; they can be sprayed on the leaves and enter the plants through the stomata of the leaves to improve fertilizer absorption and utilization; they can also be drip irrigation and soilless cultivation to save irrigation water and improve labor efficiency .
The advantages of water-soluble fertilizer: First, the use of water and fertilizer at the same time, the use of water to carry fertilizer, realizes the integration of water and fertilizer, high fertilization efficiency, and can reduce the total amount of fertilizer, exert the synergistic effect of fertilizer and water, so that both fertilizer and water use efficiency Significantly improved. Second, it has fast fertilizer efficiency, which can meet the nutritional needs of high-yield crops during the rapid growth period.
Disadvantages of water-soluble fertilizer: First, the price of water-soluble fertilizer is generally higher, which is not conducive to popularization. Second, it has strong quick-acting properties and is difficult to store in the soil for a long time. The amount of fertilizer used should be strictly controlled. If a single use is a little too much, it will cause fertilizer loss, which will reduce the economic benefits of fertilization, fail to achieve the goal of high yield, high quality and high efficiency, and cause pollution of the water environment, which is not conducive to sustainable development.
Reasonable application
Applying a small amount and multiple times is the most important fertilization principle of water-soluble fertilizers, which is in line with the characteristics of the uninterrupted absorption of nutrients by plant roots and reduces the leaching loss caused by a large amount of fertilization at one time. A small amount of multiple applications is the most important reason for the high utilization of water-soluble fertilizers. Generally, the dosage is 3-6 kg per mu each time. The seedling period is less, and the vigorous growth period is more.
Pay attention to nutrient balance. Water-soluble fertilizers are usually watered, leached or applied through irrigation equipment. Especially under the condition of drip irrigation and fertilization, the root growth is large and dense, and the nutrient supply to the soil is more dependent on the nutrients provided by drip irrigation. This is especially true for sandy soils, which have higher requirements for the reasonable ratio and concentration of nutrients. If the fertilizer formula is not balanced, it will affect the growth of crops and cause nutrient deficiency.
The safest way in the production of safe application is to experiment with a small amount of fertilizer, and reduce the concentration when it is found to damage the leaves. Some large growers can buy a handheld conductivity meter to monitor the fertilizer concentration, which is especially suitable for areas with high salt concentrations in water sources.
Dilute to calculate
Water-soluble fertilizers are divided into powder and liquid. Regardless of which type, you need to add an appropriate amount of water to dilute the concentration of the fertilizer solution before use. Do not use some dirty water or water with a lot of floating matter and impurities, because it is very difficult to use drip irrigation and spraying. It is easy to block the dripper and nozzle, which affects the work efficiency. The most important thing is that tap water can quickly promote the dissolution of fertilizer. For example, the specification of 5 kg of macro-element water-soluble fertilizer indicates that the dilution factor is 600 times, that is, 5×600=3000 kg, that is, the amount of water added is 3000 kg, and the water can be mixed evenly after adding water.
The details are mastered
Application method and amount of flushing, water-soluble fertilizer flushing is the most used method. Generally, the amount of water is 5 kg per mu. The amount of water can be based on the usual amount of water per acre, and it can be directly flushed with water; drip irrigation and drip irrigation are efficient use of water-soluble fertilizer One of the highlights is that drip irrigation not only greatly saves water resources, but also has a fertilizer utilization rate of more than 90%, and it also saves labor costs. It is the second largest use method of subsequent flushing; foliar spraying and foliar Fertilizer is not very suitable, but if the crop does require a large amount of elements, it can be sprayed, which has many similarities with urea foliar spray.
Fertilization time should be selected before ten o’clock in the morning and after four o’clock in the afternoon. Avoid fertilizing under strong sunlight. *** Avoid fertilizing on rainy days, especially foliar fertilizers. Do not apply on rainy days to reduce fertilizer. The loss of. Fruit trees, such as grapes, pears, and peaches, are fertilized during the vegetative growth period; melons, such as watermelon and cantaloupe, are fertilized during the middle and late growth stages; leafy vegetables and underground rhizomes can be fertilized during the entire growth period to supplement nutrients; Commercial crops, such as rice, wheat, cotton, etc., are mostly applied in the middle and late stages of growth; flowers can be fertilized during the entire growth period to supply nutrients.
Note need to remember
Pay attention to the uniformity of fertilization. In principle, the slower the fertilization, the better, especially for the elements with poor mobility in the soil (such as phosphorus). Extending the fertilization time can greatly improve its utilization rate. Drip irrigation and fertilization in the dry season is recommended to be completed within 2 to 3 hours. The soil is not short of water, and the sooner the better, under the premise of ensuring uniformity.
To avoid excessive irrigation, it is generally sufficient to keep the root depth moist. The depth of the root layer varies greatly with different crops. You can use a shovel to dig the soil at any time to understand the specific depth of the root layer. Excessive irrigation not only wastes water, but also leaches nutrients below the root layer, wastes fertilizer, and reduces crop yields. In particular, urea and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers (such as potassium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, nitrophosphate and water-soluble fertilizers containing nitrate nitrogen) are easily lost with water.
Avoid direct flushing to use the secondary dilution method. Because water-soluble fertilizers are different from general compound fertilizers, farmers cannot use conventional fertilization methods, resulting in uneven fertilization, burned roots, and weak seedlings. Secondary dilution ensures uniform fertilization and improves fertilizer utilization. rate.
Strictly controlling the dosage in a small amount for many times is the most important principle, which can meet the characteristics of plants that absorb nutrients continuously. Water-soluble fertilizer has higher nutrient content than general compound fertilizer, and the amount is relatively small. Because of its fast-acting effect, it is difficult to persist in the soil for a long time, so the amount of fertilizer should be strictly controlled.
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