Winter solar greenhouse vegetable heat preservation technology
Temperature and light are the main energy sources for greenhouse vegetables to produce nutrients and normal life activities of plants. Especially in the winter when the outside temperature is low and the number of sunshine hours is small, the heat preservation and brightening is more important for the vegetable production in the protected area. The core of the technology is to use the conditions of the shed to change the light intensity, so that the shed is more insulated, and has the advantages of simple technology, low cost, high productivity, high efficiency and sustainable utilization.
First, increase the lighting in the shed
Whitening on the inside of the solar greenhouse wall can increase the reflectivity of the light; keep the shed film clean, clean up the dust, water droplets and other debris on the shed film in time, and clean up the rain and snow in time. This can increase the transparency of the shed film, ensure the greenhouse lighting of the greenhouse, and prolong the illumination time. If conditions permit, it is guaranteed to change the membrane every year. If it cannot be replaced in time, it should be repaired in time for damage to the membrane.
Second, choose cold and freeze-tolerant varieties
Improving the cold resistance and anti-freezing performance of greenhouse vegetable cultivation has special significance for resisting cold damage and freezing damage in greenhouse cultivation in winter. Therefore, attention should be paid to the selection of varieties with low temperature resistance and strong resistance to stress.
Third, reduce heat loss
Without affecting the light transmittance, a layer of thermal insulation curtain is added to the front edge of the shed, and the agricultural plastic film, non-woven fabric and printed lining cloth for the thermal insulation curtain are used. The gap between the greenhouse door, the shed film and the rear roof is the main way to dissipate heat. It can be strengthened by adding curtains and two curtains to reduce heat loss.
Fourth, the back wall covered insulation layer
The largest part of the solar greenhouse cooling is the greenhouse surface, accounting for more than 60% of the greenhouse heat dissipation, followed by the rear slope. The cooling time is mainly at night. The preventive measure is to cover the insulation materials, such as various types of grasshoppers, insulation and so on. As far as possible, use a thermal insulation layer with good insulation effect, cover the straw curtain, and add quilts, grass curtains and other coverings to the original grass curtain on the back slope and shed surface of the greenhouse.
Through the demonstration and demonstration in Tianjin, the comprehensive application of this technology can effectively raise the indoor temperature of 3 °C ~ 6 °C in the deep winter period. In the solar greenhouse, the yield of tomato in winter is over 8,000 kg/mu, and the yield of tomato in the greenhouse is 6,000 kg/mu in early spring.
This technology is suitable for the main vegetable producing areas in the northern facilities, especially in areas with relatively low winter temperatures.
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