Application of Chlamydia trachomatis antibody detection in prenatal screening

Harm of Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a kind of microorganism, which is a common pathogen causing genitourinary tract infection. In many countries and regions, its infection rate and harmfulness have far exceeded that of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, ranking first in sexually transmitted diseases and extremely serious. Both men and women and babies are likely to be infected, and most of the infected people have no obvious clinical symptoms, so that the infection persists for a long time and spreads. Pregnant women infected with Chlamydia trachomatis can cause serious pregnancy complications such as premature delivery, miscarriage, premature rupture of membranes, and embryonic stoppage ^[1 , ² , ^3] . Through the vertical transmission of mother and child, neonates can develop conjunctivitis and pneumonia. ^[4] , bringing a series of problems to future generations, families and society.

Wu Qiulin and other 1200 cases of pregnant women in Guangzhou were screened for Chlamydia trachomatis, the infection rate was as high as 19.92% ^[5] ; Shi Yanyan and other 337 pregnant women in Sichuan found that the positive rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was 21.96% ^[6] ; Gong Jiayu et al A survey of 825 pregnant women in Beijing found that the infection rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was 8.1% ^[7] ; Huang Yanli and other 120 pregnant women in Dezhou, Shandong Province found that the infection rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was 19.1% ^[8] . It can be seen that Chlamydia trachomatis infection is not uncommon in pregnant women and should be taken seriously by relevant departments. In some developed countries, Chlamydia trachomatis examination is one of the prenatal routine examinations for pregnant women. At present, the examination of Chlamydia trachomatis should be carried out gradually in China ^[7] .

Chlamydia trachomatis antigen assay

At present, clinical use of antigen rapid detection test (such as colloidal gold method), the secretions of the affected part are collected to detect Chlamydia trachomatis. However, the affected part is difficult to sample, and it will bring a certain degree of pain to the patient. It is difficult to collect samples of upper urogenital tract infections, such as fallopian tubes and epididymis, etc. (the Chlamydia trachomatis infection is hidden due to symptoms. Timely attention has been paid, and a considerable number of patients have contracted infection to the upper genital tract.) In addition, the sensitivity of rapid detection tests (such as colloidal gold method) is relatively low. Therefore, the rapid detection reagents currently on the market generally have a low positive rate. The direct immunofluorescence method also has the problem of difficulty in sampling the affected part, and it needs to be equipped with a fluorescence microscope and a professional to read the film, and the interpretation of the result is difficult to have a unified standard. Nucleic acid amplification test (such as PCR method) is the "gold standard" for Chlamydia trachomatis detection, but it has high requirements for the experimental environment and operators, is expensive, requires extra DNA extraction, is too sensitive, and is susceptible to sample contamination. It causes false positives, and at the same time, it has problems in sampling the affected part. Therefore, it is not suitable for prenatal screening of pregnant women.

Application of Chlamydia trachomatis antibody detection in prenatal screening

The detection of Chlamydia trachomatis IgA and IgG antibodies in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has good application value in the auxiliary diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. About a week after the initial infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, IgM antibodies are produced for 1-2 weeks. However, most Chlamydia trachomatis infections have no obvious symptoms or mild symptoms, and Chlamydia trachomatis is susceptible to repeated infections. Therefore, IgM antibodies are usually undetectable in serological tests (only in primary infections, IgM levels are significantly elevated, recurrent infections) At the time, the level of IgM antibodies is very low). After about 3 weeks of infection, IgG antibodies are produced, and their half-life is long. Even if the pathogen immune stimulation has stopped, IgG antibodies will still be produced. Two samples at least 2 weeks apart, the IgG concentration increased significantly, suggesting the current infection. IgA antibodies are produced approximately 2 weeks after infection, and IgA antibodies are continuously produced as long as the pathogen is stimulated by immunosuppression. Therefore, IgA is suitable for efficacy monitoring.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis IgA and IgG antibodies in serum, with convenient sampling (can be combined with ToRCH, all the blood can be completed), easy to operate, good sensitivity and specificity, suitable for large-scale screening Etc. This method has been widely used in some developed countries in Europe (such as France, Germany, etc.) as a routine test for Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis antibody detection kit

The IgG and IgA detection kit (ELISA) of Chlamydia trachomatis antibody produced by SAVYON of Israel has obtained the registration certificate of the State Food and Drug Administration in 2016 and has become the only imported reagent for detecting antibodies in China. SAVYON is a manufacturer of high-quality diagnostic reagents integrating research and development, production and sales. It specializes in the development and production of infectious diseases, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, etc. Currently, there are more than 80 distributions around the world. Business. Its production of Chlamydia trachomatis antibody IgG and IgA detection kits have the advantages of stable quality, good performance and numerous international references. And the product participates in the inter-room quality evaluation of the international medical laboratory organized by INSTAND in Germany every year , and passes the certificate with high compliance rate. The products are sold all over the world and occupy the main markets of European countries (such as France and Germany). This product is recommended for prenatal screening of clinical Chlamydia trachomatis.

references

[1] Shi Yanyan, Luo Hongquan, Li Ning, et al. Effects of Ureaplasma Urealyticum and Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection on Pregnancy Outcomes[J]. Journal of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2016(A02): 941-942.

[2] Liu Qingmei. Effect of genital mycoplasma and chlamydia infection on pregnancy outcome during pregnancy[J]. Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences), 2014(2): 125-127.

[3] Wu Qiulin, Liang Yuping. Analysis of screening results of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant women in Guangzhou[J]. Guangdong Medical Journal, 1997(7): 444-446.

[4] Center for STD Control of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of syphilis, gonorrhea, genital herpes, genital chlamydia trachoma infection (2014)[J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2014, 47(5): 365-372.

[5] Wu Qiulin, Liang Yuping. Analysis of screening results of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant women in Guangzhou[J]. Guangdong Medical Journal, 1997(7): 444-446.

[6] Shi Yanyan, Luo Hongquan, Li Ning, et al. Effect of Ureaplasma Urealyticum and Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection on Pregnancy Outcomes[J]. Journal of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2016(a02): 941-942.

[7] Gong Jiayu, Ge Jing, Zhang Yandong, et al. Risk factors and screening strategies for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant women[J]. Beijing Medical Journal, 2005, 27(9): 570-571.

[8] Huang Yanli. Clinical observation of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and pregnancy outcome[J]. Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology, 2001, 11(2): 111-112.

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