Astragalus high-yielding artificial cultivation techniques
Astragalus membranaceus is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine, which has the functions of supplementing gas, solidification, diuresis, detoxification, and myogenic activity. It has a very good market prospect in China. It has a strong health care function, and has a wide range of uses, and the demand for shopping centers is large. The price is more stable. In recent years, the number of wild jaundice has decreased. The artificial breeding experiment of Huanghua was started. In addition, the county improved the cultivation techniques and popularized the mechanized seedling transplanting technology, which shortened the growth cycle of Astragalus and promoted the yield and quality. The benefit was two to three times higher than that of some large crops. The following is a detailed cultivation technique.
First, planting selection
According to the growth characteristics of Astragalus mongolicus, choose sandy soil blocks with deep soil, loose texture, fertile soil, excellent air permeability and strong drainage and drainage. The former crops are wheat, corn and other grass crops. It takes more than 3 years.
Second, on the soil preparation
Late autumn or early spring preparations, deep plowing soil more than 30 cm. Deep plowing can thicken the living soil layer, ripen the soil, enhance soil water retention and soil conservation, advance soil fertility, is conducive to root growth, and reduces the formation of lateral roots and "chicken cockles." The fertilizer should follow the principle of one-time deep application. Before the ploughing, 667 m2 is applied with 1 000 kg of organic fertilizer and 70% of the fertilizer is added. Weeds are severely damaged. For every 667m2, 200ml of 48% trifluralin is used for soil closure. After spraying the herbicide for 3~5 days, it can be used to control the damage of field weeds during seedling stage.
Third, cultivation methods
There are 2 breeding methods for direct seeding and transplanting. The live broadcast method uses a large amount of seeds, the growth is irregular, and the harvest period is long, affecting the quality and quantity of production and excavation. Transplanting seedlings can save land, plant growth after harvest is vigorous, digging labor, easy to handle in the field, regular rhizome growth, easy harvest, good product, high yield.
1. Selection of seedlings
According to the demand for high yield cultivation of Scutellaria baicalensis, seedlings with a seedling height of 30 cm or more, root thickness of 0.5 cm or less, few lateral roots, no damage, and no mildew should be selected for transplanting. Good quality seedlings have a greater impact on yield, directly affecting the efficiency of cultivation.
2. Transplanting
The use of seedling transplanting technology has shortened the growth cycle of Astragalus membranaceus. Transplanting is generally divided into spring and autumn. Self-cultivation is usually planted in the middle or late October of the fall. The time for raising the seedlings is the same as the seedling time, or a few days earlier; the out-of-planting seedlings are usually planted in spring, and they are planted before the spring sprouts (from the end of March to the beginning of April). For the purpose of advancing the production of jaundice, 12 rows of yellow hoeing transplanters were used to open the ditch on the entire ground with a spacing of 20 cm and a ditch depth of 10 cm. The crickets were thrown into the ditch in the same order. The harbingers of the jaundice were 18-22 cm apart. Pay attention to transplant spacing.
3. Reasonable close planting
Proper planting can promote the yield of scutellaria, generally 16,000 to 20,000 strains per 667 m2. The plots with good water and fertilizer conditions, soil fertility, and nutrient content can be planted properly. The plots with poor water and fertilizer conditions and lack of nutrients can be sparsely planted.
Fourth, field management
1. Water and fertilizer treatment
Reasonable water and fertilizer treatment can promote the rapid growth of rhizome of Scutellaria baicalensis. Astragalus membranaceus uses less water at the seedling stage. If the soil moisture is poor after transplanting, it should be promptly dripped. In the case of planting an ankle plant, watering can be avoided. The first water can be delayed to a seedling height of 10 cm. At the moment, it is the time that the water chestnuts are needed during the peak period of the waterlogging and fertilization. The combination of drip and fertilization is carried out, and the water is dripped once every 15 days. It is also necessary to pay attention to the amount of water to prevent rot and affect the yield and quality of the yellow buckwheat.
2. Weeding and weeding
When the seedling height is 6~8cm or when the weeds are in the 2~4 leaf stage, we can use the special herbicide Astragalus to control the grass, mix it with 25% of the 250mg solution, and spray 30kg of stem and leaf on the water, which can be useful to prevent 1 Annual grasses, broad-leaved weeds, and sedge weeds are used as weeds. Weed herbicides are used to weed herbicides or remove weeds. 3. The foliar dressing is applied at the early flowering stage and the scab phase of the astragalus foliar dressing. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150g per 667m2, or 667m2. Using 150ml of the “micro honey†organic water-soluble fertilizer, 30kg of water is evenly distributed. Spraying.
4. Pest control
1 Powdery mildew is prone to disease in high-temperature and humid conditions from July to August. The main diseased area is covered with a layer of white powdery mildew, which is grayish in the later stage and constitutes yellowish leaves that fall early. In the early stage of disease, 50% carbendazim sprayed 800 times, and sprayed 10 times a day, spraying 2 or 3 times, can be useful to control disease extension.
2 Aphids attacked from June to August, and the primary damage to buds and leaves. Insect pests clustered with sap from the back or culm of stems. They attacked for multiple generations in 1 year and were sprayed with 1 500 times of imidacloprid or 1 000 times of fenvalerate.
V. Harvesting
According to the quality of Chinese herbal medicines and the requirements of shopping malls, it is generally determined that the harvest time will generally be harvested when the leaves of yellow jaundice grow yellow in the middle or late October. Therefore, the root growth is sufficient, the content of the useful components collected is high, and the yield of jaundice is high. When harvesting, the stalks of the yellow peony trees are first cut with a lawn mower and the stalks are kept 2–3 cm. Then, they are excavated with a yam picking machine, and the herbs are scooped out and sprinkled on the ground. After picking up the piles by hand, the net soil is sold directly. You can also cut fibrous roots, until the sun is dry, when it is dry, put it straight, tie it into small pieces, and then dry it until it is dry.
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