Autumn Sowing and Forage Technology
2021-01-06 09:20:44
The use of winter free field to plant new-year quality forage grass for the use of herbivorous animals in winter and spring, in addition to providing quality fodder for livestock and poultry, but also to promote farmers to increase income, is a farming model to promote the development of pasture production value. The following describes the techniques for sowing forage in the fall winter field for reference by planting households.
First, the selection of varieties of autumn forage grass in winter
Selection principles: 1. pasture varieties that safely pass through winter; 2. forage varieties that have obtained good growth and yield before planting; 3. pasture varieties that do not produce weed damage to the crops that are made afterwards; 4. Longevity and formation of pasture varieties capable of overwintering;
Alternative herbage species: The grasses that were selected as the year-over-year students mainly include winter grazing 70 rye, fodder triticale, annual ryegrass, etc.; leguminous pastures mainly include turfgrass, milk vetch, and turfgrass.
Second, the winter planting techniques of autumn pasture grass planting
1. Fields of autumn pasture grass in the field.
The growth of forage grasses, like other crops, is also dependent on light, heat, air, moisture and nutrients, of which water and nutrients are mainly obtained from the soil. Therefore, the winter fields should be rearranged before the pasture is sown.
Plowing. For winter cropping fields in autumn, after the previous crop is harvested, the land is cleared and plowed. The depth of plowing is generally more than 20 cm.
Base fertilizer. In order to enable the fall winter pasture to reach a certain amount of yield before winter, it is necessary to follow the principle of “a crop of flowers, relying solely on fertilizersâ€. After the land is ploughed, 2000-3,000 kilograms of manure per acre is applied and compounded. Fertilizer 20-30 kg as base fertilizer.
耙. Use disc harrows to pulverize the ploughed soil before sowing.
2. Improve the seed germination rate of autumn sowing grass. In order to improve the success rate of autumn planting of pastures in winter and field, reduce the waste of seeds, and increase the grass production per unit area, the techniques for increasing the germination rate of grass seeds should be adopted according to the different characteristics of different pasture varieties before sowing grasses.
Legume seed hard-breaking technology. The seed coats of Leguminosae seedlings, such as Fructus Lycii, Ziyunying, and Cinnamomum camphora in winter slaughtered autumn pasture varieties, have a dense array of Martensitic cells. After sowing, soil moisture does not easily infiltrate and directly affect the germination. Hard-breaking techniques are applied before sowing to improve germination. rate. 1 Physically broken skin. Use stone roller to grind or use roller compactor to treat or combine the leguminous pasture seeds with a certain amount of crushed stone and gravel and put it into a stirring shaker to stir and oscillate, until the surface of the seed is coarse and fluffy, it is better to not crush the seeds. Improve water absorption ability and germination ability after seed sowing. 2 Variable temperature soaking. Soak the seeds with hot water and soak them for a day and night. Expose them to the sun during the day and cool them at night. Add water to keep the seeds moist. When most of the seeds are inflated, sow according to the sensation. 3 add acid treatment. Add 3 to 5% of dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to the seeds, and mix well until the seed coat cracks. Then put the seeds into flowing water and clean them. After soaking, sow seeds.
Grass seed to mango technology. In winter pasture field autumn pasture varieties, annual grasses such as annual ryegrass grass often have spikes, glumes and other appendages, these appendages are not easy to remove during harvesting and processing, after sowing will affect the seed germination rate. Before sowing, it can be applied to a man-made machine or pressed with a ring-shaped repressor to screen and remove mansard.
III. Seeding Techniques for Autumn Sowing Grasses in Winter Leisure Fields
Autumn broadcast time. The time for winter pastures to be planted in autumn can be determined according to the time of previous crop harvest. Grazing grass is generally suitable in mid-October and sowing early will lead to early growth, even jointing, and is vulnerable to the threat of freezing.
Sowing method. According to the practice in our province, the seeding method for the autumn sowing of pasture in winter and field is better. Drilling facilitates field management, such as weeding and fertilization, and can be sown with a seeder. The row spacing is generally 15 to 30 centimeters, legume grass spacing is 20 to 25 centimeters, and grass is 20 centimeters.
Sowing depth. The thickness of the cover soil layer is determined according to the size of the pasture seed. The seed is small and the cover soil is thin, and the seed may be thicker than the soil. The soil moisture is better and the soil can be dried slightly. The loose soil can be slightly deeper and the clay can be slightly shallower.
IV. Cutting techniques for autumn pasture in winter free field
The suitable cutting time for fallow pastures in winter and field should not only consider the yield of pasture and the content of various nutrients, but also more importantly ensure the safe wintering of pasture and the returning green growth in early spring.
Pastures of different pastures. Grazing grasses such as winter grazing 70 rye and fodder rye can be grazing once before they enter the winter, and they are cut 1 or 2 times in spring. In winter, field crops, such as legumes and Ziyunying, are generally not castrated before winter and 1-2 times in spring.
The height of the cut remains. Autumn sowing of pasture to cut the height of foraging has a great influence on the yield, quality, pasture regeneration and growth of the next year. Grass grasses are castrated before winter and should be 6 to 7 centimeters high; stubble springs must be 4 to 5 centimeters high; spring legumes must be 4 to 5 centimeters high.
First, the selection of varieties of autumn forage grass in winter
Selection principles: 1. pasture varieties that safely pass through winter; 2. forage varieties that have obtained good growth and yield before planting; 3. pasture varieties that do not produce weed damage to the crops that are made afterwards; 4. Longevity and formation of pasture varieties capable of overwintering;
Alternative herbage species: The grasses that were selected as the year-over-year students mainly include winter grazing 70 rye, fodder triticale, annual ryegrass, etc.; leguminous pastures mainly include turfgrass, milk vetch, and turfgrass.
Second, the winter planting techniques of autumn pasture grass planting
1. Fields of autumn pasture grass in the field.
The growth of forage grasses, like other crops, is also dependent on light, heat, air, moisture and nutrients, of which water and nutrients are mainly obtained from the soil. Therefore, the winter fields should be rearranged before the pasture is sown.
Plowing. For winter cropping fields in autumn, after the previous crop is harvested, the land is cleared and plowed. The depth of plowing is generally more than 20 cm.
Base fertilizer. In order to enable the fall winter pasture to reach a certain amount of yield before winter, it is necessary to follow the principle of “a crop of flowers, relying solely on fertilizersâ€. After the land is ploughed, 2000-3,000 kilograms of manure per acre is applied and compounded. Fertilizer 20-30 kg as base fertilizer.
耙. Use disc harrows to pulverize the ploughed soil before sowing.
2. Improve the seed germination rate of autumn sowing grass. In order to improve the success rate of autumn planting of pastures in winter and field, reduce the waste of seeds, and increase the grass production per unit area, the techniques for increasing the germination rate of grass seeds should be adopted according to the different characteristics of different pasture varieties before sowing grasses.
Legume seed hard-breaking technology. The seed coats of Leguminosae seedlings, such as Fructus Lycii, Ziyunying, and Cinnamomum camphora in winter slaughtered autumn pasture varieties, have a dense array of Martensitic cells. After sowing, soil moisture does not easily infiltrate and directly affect the germination. Hard-breaking techniques are applied before sowing to improve germination. rate. 1 Physically broken skin. Use stone roller to grind or use roller compactor to treat or combine the leguminous pasture seeds with a certain amount of crushed stone and gravel and put it into a stirring shaker to stir and oscillate, until the surface of the seed is coarse and fluffy, it is better to not crush the seeds. Improve water absorption ability and germination ability after seed sowing. 2 Variable temperature soaking. Soak the seeds with hot water and soak them for a day and night. Expose them to the sun during the day and cool them at night. Add water to keep the seeds moist. When most of the seeds are inflated, sow according to the sensation. 3 add acid treatment. Add 3 to 5% of dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to the seeds, and mix well until the seed coat cracks. Then put the seeds into flowing water and clean them. After soaking, sow seeds.
Grass seed to mango technology. In winter pasture field autumn pasture varieties, annual grasses such as annual ryegrass grass often have spikes, glumes and other appendages, these appendages are not easy to remove during harvesting and processing, after sowing will affect the seed germination rate. Before sowing, it can be applied to a man-made machine or pressed with a ring-shaped repressor to screen and remove mansard.
III. Seeding Techniques for Autumn Sowing Grasses in Winter Leisure Fields
Autumn broadcast time. The time for winter pastures to be planted in autumn can be determined according to the time of previous crop harvest. Grazing grass is generally suitable in mid-October and sowing early will lead to early growth, even jointing, and is vulnerable to the threat of freezing.
Sowing method. According to the practice in our province, the seeding method for the autumn sowing of pasture in winter and field is better. Drilling facilitates field management, such as weeding and fertilization, and can be sown with a seeder. The row spacing is generally 15 to 30 centimeters, legume grass spacing is 20 to 25 centimeters, and grass is 20 centimeters.
Sowing depth. The thickness of the cover soil layer is determined according to the size of the pasture seed. The seed is small and the cover soil is thin, and the seed may be thicker than the soil. The soil moisture is better and the soil can be dried slightly. The loose soil can be slightly deeper and the clay can be slightly shallower.
IV. Cutting techniques for autumn pasture in winter free field
The suitable cutting time for fallow pastures in winter and field should not only consider the yield of pasture and the content of various nutrients, but also more importantly ensure the safe wintering of pasture and the returning green growth in early spring.
Pastures of different pastures. Grazing grasses such as winter grazing 70 rye and fodder rye can be grazing once before they enter the winter, and they are cut 1 or 2 times in spring. In winter, field crops, such as legumes and Ziyunying, are generally not castrated before winter and 1-2 times in spring.
The height of the cut remains. Autumn sowing of pasture to cut the height of foraging has a great influence on the yield, quality, pasture regeneration and growth of the next year. Grass grasses are castrated before winter and should be 6 to 7 centimeters high; stubble springs must be 4 to 5 centimeters high; spring legumes must be 4 to 5 centimeters high.
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