Basic points for basic cow breeding techniques
2019-12-13 14:04:23
In order to promote the development of basic cows for tens of thousands of households and increase the income of peasants raising cattle, the relevant technical links for basic cow breeding are introduced and reference is provided to the cattle farmers.
Feeding basic cows mainly focuses on the technical aspects of good breeds, good housing, good materials, and good methods to ensure the sustainable and stable development of the cattle industry and achieve better economic benefits.
1 Sticking to the improvement of breeds, optimizing the herd structure, selecting good varieties, carrying out economic cross-breeding, and optimizing the herd structure are a key part of improving the economic benefits of cattle breeding. Should choose to adapt to the local climate, feed and other conditions, production performance, short cycle life, high economic benefits varieties. At present, beef cattle breeds that are more suitable for the improvement of cattle breeds in our city include: Simmental, Charolais, Limousin, Montebello, Piedmont, and other breeds of beef or meat. . Using these breeds as male parents, carrying out binary or three-way hybrids with local cows and crossbreeding hybrid cows, and crossbreeding of more than two yuan varieties, so that each generation can maintain a certain degree of hybrid superiority, thus obtaining a strong life force and High-performance cattle. According to research conducted by the United States, the crossbreeding of two breeds can increase the average body weight of yaks by 15%, and that of three species can increase by 19%. Cross-breeding bulls are all used for commercial cattle breeding. Cross-breeding cows continue to be raised as basic cows until they lose their ability to reproduce and slaughter.
The main purpose of feeding basic cows is to breed calves. Breeding is a prerequisite for increasing the herd size and improving the quality of herds and is the basis for the development of cattle production. Therefore, to maximize the breeding capacity of cows and prevent empty spaces, cattle farmers should master the estrus law and estrus identification methods of cows, so that cold technicians can give cows in time: insemination, breeding, and abortion to increase the breeding rate. . Generally, the sexual maturation age of cows is 8-14 months. Since the body of the cow is not fully developed after sexual maturation, the initial mating age of the cow is generally 18-24 months. By the age of 13 to 15 years, the ability to stop reproduction (desire period). The breeding of cattle is not seasonal. The estrus cycle of non-pregnant mature cows is 21 days, and the duration of cow estrus is generally 18 hours. The estrus characteristics of cows are restless, often buzzing, not lying down, tails raised, appetite and lactation decreased, bow waist often urinating, other cattle to climb or climb across other cattle. During early estrus, the genital area is swollen and wet, and a large amount of transparent thin mucus overflows from the vulva; mucus is thick and detachable during the estrus period. At the end of the estrus, the mucus becomes slightly milky and opaque, and the viscous loss is stretched into a filament; The swelling of the genital area was remarkably subsided and the mucous was less viscous and gradually changed from milky white to light yellowish red. Under the tail lice, the body temperature rose to 39°C. 6-8 hours after the end of heat is the best insemination time.
2 Construct a reasonable housing to provide a more comfortable living environment for cattle. Building large cattle farms or cattle-raising areas should be located 500m away from major traffic arteries, villages and factories, and 200m away from the general traffic arteries. The site should be high and dry. The sun is sunny, drainage is convenient, the water source is sufficient, the soil quality is sandy loam, the source of forage is rich, and the transportation is convenient. The farmland is not occupied or occupied. The layout of production areas, excrement disposal areas and management areas in the venues is reasonable, and reasonable arrangements are made based on the topography and main wind direction. Build a house to ensure that each head has enough housed area. Mature cows occupy an area of ​​4 to 6 square meters per cow and cows of 2 square meters. (Fattening cattle are 4 to 5 square meters per head and bred cows are 3 to 4 square meters). The specific area for building a cowshed should be determined according to the number of cattle raised. The types of barn buildings can be divided into closed, open, semi-open buckle plastic shed type, open shed type. Cover type is divided into ridge type (double slope type), flat top type, single slope type, semi-single slope type. The building materials can be brick and tile structures and civil engineering structures. The internal structure is a single column, double row, multi column. The enclosed single-row span is 4.5 to 5m, the double-row span is 9 to 10m, and the length of the barn is determined by the number of cattle heads. One end of the barn can be equipped with a studio (duty room) and a spice room of 12-14 square meters. Shepherd's playground (tied cattle field, ring), out gradient 3 ~ 5. The distance between the two houses is not less than 10-15m. The specific construction of the cowshed should be based on local conditions, so that it is economical, practical and scientific. Conditional households can build good quality, durable cowsheds. Taking a single-row cowshed for example, the span is 5m, the wall height is 2.5m, the ridge height is 3.5m (3~4.5m), the wall thickness is 0.37m, and the internal cement floor or vertical brick-cement ground is used. The total width of cattle bed, clearing manure channel and urination ditch is 2.8 to 3 m, and the cattle bed slope is 2 to 3, wherein the cattle bed is 1.7 to 1.8 m wide, the manure ditch is 25 to 30 cm wide, and the depth is 10 to 15 cm. The single-lane aisle is 1.3-1.5m wide and double-row is 1.5-1.8m. Each adult cow occupies a length of about 1.1m, and the bottom of the tank is 20-30cm above the ground. The feeding trough mouth width 55 ~ 60cm, the bottom width of 35 ~ 40cm, the front edge of the trough (by cattle side) 45 ~ 50cm, rear edge height 60 ~ 65cm. A cross bar can be set above the cow's neck for cattle. Set in the highest place in the house. Several exhaust windows or vents are used in the winter to regulate the humidity and venting in the house and to cool the air in the summer.
The cowshed should be kept dry, cool in winter and cool in summer, and the ground should be kept warm, impervious to water, and not slippery. Waste water and excrement can easily be discharged outside the house. Clean, fresh air. It is better to go south or southeast. The cowshed must have a certain number and size of windows to ensure that the sun is well lit and air circulates. The roof has a certain thickness, good thermal insulation properties.
The cows should also build a silo on both sides of the cowshed or near the cattle farm, which is convenient for transportation and access, and has a high topography, preventing sewage such as excrement and urine from infiltrating the pollution. According to the construction of 2 to 3 cubic meters per cow, 500 to 600 kg of corn stover can be stored per cubic meter. Each cow can feed silage 10-20kg per day.
Straw and haystacks were set downwind, maintaining a distance of at least 50m from the surrounding premises. Stored feces should be located in the low-lying area of ​​the cattle farm, which is convenient for health and epidemic prevention.
Cattle farms should be equipped with foot pedal disinfection tanks and vehicle disinfection pools, and be built around walls or dig for epidemic prevention ditch.
3 Supply various forage materials, strive for complete nutrition, and do a good job in the processing of forage grass. There will not be complete nutrition for any kind of forage grass, and cows should be provided with assorted forage as much as possible. The best pastures for cattle breeding include valerian, yam grass and Sudan grass. Straw can use corn stalks, straw, bean stalks, peanut pods and so on. Concentrates include corn, bean cakes, bran, etc. In order to guarantee the balanced supply of feed all year round, the conditional arable land can be used for planting alfalfa, sudan grass, purple alfalfa, etc., for harvesting and fresh grass feeding; the silage corn can be harvested during the milk ripening period Plant silage; after the harvest can be used corn stalks, sweet potatoes, etc. to make blue silage. Other straws, straws, peanut pods, bean stalks, etc. should all be properly stored for winter and spring use; the pastures produced on the grasslands should be harvested as much as possible, air-dried, and then stored.
Forage, straw and other feeds must be processed and prepared, first cut short (0.5cm long) or crushed, and then can be taken as follows: First, after salting and concentrate feed; Second, the use of straw feed microbial fermentation After feeding; third is to add urea ammoniated after feeding; fourth is after the blue-yellow feeding, this method is more suitable for the autumn just harvested corn stalk.
The tuber fodder such as beets and carrots is a good feed for cows and yaks to feed in winter. It can be stored indoors or in cellars. The soil should be washed before feeding, chopped and fed separately, or fed together with concentrate. Do not feed whole in order to avoid esophageal obstruction.
Concentrates of food, bean cake, etc., mainly through crushing for supplemental feeding, do not feed too much, otherwise easy to get sick. Supplementary feed concentrates are determined based on the size of the carcass, pregnancy, lactation, and fattening. After 2 months of pregnancy, the cow should be supplemented with concentrate, 1 to 2 kg of fine material per day, bone powder 50 g, and salt 30 g. For the first 2 months after delivery, the nursing cows should supply 1 to 2 kg of concentrate each day, bone powder 60 g, and salt 40 g. Empty cows with poor limping, poor quality of feed or single feed should also properly feed concentrates, about half a kilogram a day, to facilitate estrus as soon as possible.
A 1-year-old cow's feed plan: about 4 tons of dry straw, which can be divided into 3 tons of dry corn stalk, 3.5 tons of silage yellow (equivalent to 1 ton of dry straw). 700kg of concentrate (75% corn in concentrate, 20% of bean cake, 3% of bone meal, 2% of salt), including 525kg of corn, 140kg of bean cake, 20kg of bone meal, 15kg of salt (300kg of refined material for mature cows, yak) 100kg).
Feeding cows should supply minerals and trace element additives, and can use nutritious tantalum bricks, which contain salt and calcium, phosphorus, iodine, selenium and other trace elements. The use of rubbish brick can be placed in the feeding trough or fixed on the column, allowing the cow to freely forage and ensure sufficient drinking water. Refractory tiles should be prevented from being dissolved by rain.
4 Strengthen the feeding and management of cows. First coarse and fine after feeding, first feed and then drink, two times a day in winter, drink warm water after feeding, and three times a day in summer. Concentrates should be blended into blends on a regular basis, mix well, and mix with water for 6 to 8 hours before feeding. When feeding each time, the feeding staff should look at the tank feeding, adjust the remaining deficiency, fill with food, and eat it once. The type of feed should be relatively stable, all kinds of feed must be fed together, and do not change frequently. If they must be replaced, they must be gradually replaced so that the cattle can gradually adapt to ensure the normal digestion of cattle. Do not feed moldy frozen feed. Silage is fed in the house during the winter and is now fed.
In management, it is necessary to achieve "Five Sets": that is, the management personnel, the slot of the fixed cattle, the type of feed, the time for feeding, and the schedule of management. Create a quiet and comfortable environment for cattle to fully rest and ruminate cattle. Storage of feedstuffs should be protected against moisture, rain, rodent bites and pesticides: Remove impurities from feedstuffs; keep utensils clean and hygienic at all times; keep flat, dry, mud-free pits, and no excrement in homes, circles, and yards; Always keep cattle body clean, don't have hanging manure and dirt, brush the cattle body once a day; often observe the health status of the cattle, observe whether the spirit, feed intake, and feces of the cattle are normal, so that the sick animals can be found early. Early treatment. Take care of the cold in winter and summer in summer. Feeding captive cows should be exercised every day, and they must maintain 6 to 8 hours of sunlight every day, but avoid direct sunlight at noon in the summer to prevent heat stroke. In particular, cows in the second trimester of pregnancy should be rushing, holding or exercising in a circle every day to reduce their dystocia. To prevent accidents from colliding with each other to prevent miscarriage. The gestation period of the cow is about 285 days. The cows are uneasy and frequently defecate to urinate. They are about to give birth. At this time, the preparations for the delivery should be done to provide the cows with clean grass and a quiet environment. A clean and quiet house can be used as a special delivery room to clean up and disinfect, to lay grass, to prepare hot water and lighting, and to use 1% of children, iodine, soap and so on.
When a cow is delivered, it is necessary to do a job of giving birth and a midwifery. When dystocia occurs, it must be dealt with promptly. Postpartum cows are fed a sufficient amount of bran salt water (bran 1.5 ~ 2kg, salt 100 ~ 150g, warm water 10 ~ 20kg) to promote the discharge of the placenta, supplement the body's moisture loss at delivery. Remove contaminated grass and replace it with clean grass. Immediately after the yak production, the mucus of the nose and mouth was wiped clean, and the cut end of the umbilical cord was soaked with 5% iodine for a while. If it was not self-cut, it could be broken at 6-8 cm from the abdomen and then disinfected. The mucus on the yak body can be drained from the cow or dried with soft hay. Postpartum should be discharged 4 ~ 6h, timely check whether complete, take away.
Postpartum guarantee of cow nutrition and provide adequate drinking water, so that the cows in the postpartum body condition, the uterus recover as soon as possible, 60 days after childbirth estrus and mating to conceive, ensure that the calving once a year; ensure that the calf is born after half an hour to 1 hour The colostrum was eaten within 20 days after birth, and was fed to feed for feeding and eating. After 4 to 6 months of age, weaning was performed.
In addition to the disease prevention of cattle in accordance with the local regulations of the immunization program for immunization, the insects should be repelled twice a year, can be injected with ivermectin preparations, the effect of prevention and treatment of parasites in the body better.
Feeding basic cows mainly focuses on the technical aspects of good breeds, good housing, good materials, and good methods to ensure the sustainable and stable development of the cattle industry and achieve better economic benefits.
1 Sticking to the improvement of breeds, optimizing the herd structure, selecting good varieties, carrying out economic cross-breeding, and optimizing the herd structure are a key part of improving the economic benefits of cattle breeding. Should choose to adapt to the local climate, feed and other conditions, production performance, short cycle life, high economic benefits varieties. At present, beef cattle breeds that are more suitable for the improvement of cattle breeds in our city include: Simmental, Charolais, Limousin, Montebello, Piedmont, and other breeds of beef or meat. . Using these breeds as male parents, carrying out binary or three-way hybrids with local cows and crossbreeding hybrid cows, and crossbreeding of more than two yuan varieties, so that each generation can maintain a certain degree of hybrid superiority, thus obtaining a strong life force and High-performance cattle. According to research conducted by the United States, the crossbreeding of two breeds can increase the average body weight of yaks by 15%, and that of three species can increase by 19%. Cross-breeding bulls are all used for commercial cattle breeding. Cross-breeding cows continue to be raised as basic cows until they lose their ability to reproduce and slaughter.
The main purpose of feeding basic cows is to breed calves. Breeding is a prerequisite for increasing the herd size and improving the quality of herds and is the basis for the development of cattle production. Therefore, to maximize the breeding capacity of cows and prevent empty spaces, cattle farmers should master the estrus law and estrus identification methods of cows, so that cold technicians can give cows in time: insemination, breeding, and abortion to increase the breeding rate. . Generally, the sexual maturation age of cows is 8-14 months. Since the body of the cow is not fully developed after sexual maturation, the initial mating age of the cow is generally 18-24 months. By the age of 13 to 15 years, the ability to stop reproduction (desire period). The breeding of cattle is not seasonal. The estrus cycle of non-pregnant mature cows is 21 days, and the duration of cow estrus is generally 18 hours. The estrus characteristics of cows are restless, often buzzing, not lying down, tails raised, appetite and lactation decreased, bow waist often urinating, other cattle to climb or climb across other cattle. During early estrus, the genital area is swollen and wet, and a large amount of transparent thin mucus overflows from the vulva; mucus is thick and detachable during the estrus period. At the end of the estrus, the mucus becomes slightly milky and opaque, and the viscous loss is stretched into a filament; The swelling of the genital area was remarkably subsided and the mucous was less viscous and gradually changed from milky white to light yellowish red. Under the tail lice, the body temperature rose to 39°C. 6-8 hours after the end of heat is the best insemination time.
2 Construct a reasonable housing to provide a more comfortable living environment for cattle. Building large cattle farms or cattle-raising areas should be located 500m away from major traffic arteries, villages and factories, and 200m away from the general traffic arteries. The site should be high and dry. The sun is sunny, drainage is convenient, the water source is sufficient, the soil quality is sandy loam, the source of forage is rich, and the transportation is convenient. The farmland is not occupied or occupied. The layout of production areas, excrement disposal areas and management areas in the venues is reasonable, and reasonable arrangements are made based on the topography and main wind direction. Build a house to ensure that each head has enough housed area. Mature cows occupy an area of ​​4 to 6 square meters per cow and cows of 2 square meters. (Fattening cattle are 4 to 5 square meters per head and bred cows are 3 to 4 square meters). The specific area for building a cowshed should be determined according to the number of cattle raised. The types of barn buildings can be divided into closed, open, semi-open buckle plastic shed type, open shed type. Cover type is divided into ridge type (double slope type), flat top type, single slope type, semi-single slope type. The building materials can be brick and tile structures and civil engineering structures. The internal structure is a single column, double row, multi column. The enclosed single-row span is 4.5 to 5m, the double-row span is 9 to 10m, and the length of the barn is determined by the number of cattle heads. One end of the barn can be equipped with a studio (duty room) and a spice room of 12-14 square meters. Shepherd's playground (tied cattle field, ring), out gradient 3 ~ 5. The distance between the two houses is not less than 10-15m. The specific construction of the cowshed should be based on local conditions, so that it is economical, practical and scientific. Conditional households can build good quality, durable cowsheds. Taking a single-row cowshed for example, the span is 5m, the wall height is 2.5m, the ridge height is 3.5m (3~4.5m), the wall thickness is 0.37m, and the internal cement floor or vertical brick-cement ground is used. The total width of cattle bed, clearing manure channel and urination ditch is 2.8 to 3 m, and the cattle bed slope is 2 to 3, wherein the cattle bed is 1.7 to 1.8 m wide, the manure ditch is 25 to 30 cm wide, and the depth is 10 to 15 cm. The single-lane aisle is 1.3-1.5m wide and double-row is 1.5-1.8m. Each adult cow occupies a length of about 1.1m, and the bottom of the tank is 20-30cm above the ground. The feeding trough mouth width 55 ~ 60cm, the bottom width of 35 ~ 40cm, the front edge of the trough (by cattle side) 45 ~ 50cm, rear edge height 60 ~ 65cm. A cross bar can be set above the cow's neck for cattle. Set in the highest place in the house. Several exhaust windows or vents are used in the winter to regulate the humidity and venting in the house and to cool the air in the summer.
The cowshed should be kept dry, cool in winter and cool in summer, and the ground should be kept warm, impervious to water, and not slippery. Waste water and excrement can easily be discharged outside the house. Clean, fresh air. It is better to go south or southeast. The cowshed must have a certain number and size of windows to ensure that the sun is well lit and air circulates. The roof has a certain thickness, good thermal insulation properties.
The cows should also build a silo on both sides of the cowshed or near the cattle farm, which is convenient for transportation and access, and has a high topography, preventing sewage such as excrement and urine from infiltrating the pollution. According to the construction of 2 to 3 cubic meters per cow, 500 to 600 kg of corn stover can be stored per cubic meter. Each cow can feed silage 10-20kg per day.
Straw and haystacks were set downwind, maintaining a distance of at least 50m from the surrounding premises. Stored feces should be located in the low-lying area of ​​the cattle farm, which is convenient for health and epidemic prevention.
Cattle farms should be equipped with foot pedal disinfection tanks and vehicle disinfection pools, and be built around walls or dig for epidemic prevention ditch.
3 Supply various forage materials, strive for complete nutrition, and do a good job in the processing of forage grass. There will not be complete nutrition for any kind of forage grass, and cows should be provided with assorted forage as much as possible. The best pastures for cattle breeding include valerian, yam grass and Sudan grass. Straw can use corn stalks, straw, bean stalks, peanut pods and so on. Concentrates include corn, bean cakes, bran, etc. In order to guarantee the balanced supply of feed all year round, the conditional arable land can be used for planting alfalfa, sudan grass, purple alfalfa, etc., for harvesting and fresh grass feeding; the silage corn can be harvested during the milk ripening period Plant silage; after the harvest can be used corn stalks, sweet potatoes, etc. to make blue silage. Other straws, straws, peanut pods, bean stalks, etc. should all be properly stored for winter and spring use; the pastures produced on the grasslands should be harvested as much as possible, air-dried, and then stored.
Forage, straw and other feeds must be processed and prepared, first cut short (0.5cm long) or crushed, and then can be taken as follows: First, after salting and concentrate feed; Second, the use of straw feed microbial fermentation After feeding; third is to add urea ammoniated after feeding; fourth is after the blue-yellow feeding, this method is more suitable for the autumn just harvested corn stalk.
The tuber fodder such as beets and carrots is a good feed for cows and yaks to feed in winter. It can be stored indoors or in cellars. The soil should be washed before feeding, chopped and fed separately, or fed together with concentrate. Do not feed whole in order to avoid esophageal obstruction.
Concentrates of food, bean cake, etc., mainly through crushing for supplemental feeding, do not feed too much, otherwise easy to get sick. Supplementary feed concentrates are determined based on the size of the carcass, pregnancy, lactation, and fattening. After 2 months of pregnancy, the cow should be supplemented with concentrate, 1 to 2 kg of fine material per day, bone powder 50 g, and salt 30 g. For the first 2 months after delivery, the nursing cows should supply 1 to 2 kg of concentrate each day, bone powder 60 g, and salt 40 g. Empty cows with poor limping, poor quality of feed or single feed should also properly feed concentrates, about half a kilogram a day, to facilitate estrus as soon as possible.
A 1-year-old cow's feed plan: about 4 tons of dry straw, which can be divided into 3 tons of dry corn stalk, 3.5 tons of silage yellow (equivalent to 1 ton of dry straw). 700kg of concentrate (75% corn in concentrate, 20% of bean cake, 3% of bone meal, 2% of salt), including 525kg of corn, 140kg of bean cake, 20kg of bone meal, 15kg of salt (300kg of refined material for mature cows, yak) 100kg).
Feeding cows should supply minerals and trace element additives, and can use nutritious tantalum bricks, which contain salt and calcium, phosphorus, iodine, selenium and other trace elements. The use of rubbish brick can be placed in the feeding trough or fixed on the column, allowing the cow to freely forage and ensure sufficient drinking water. Refractory tiles should be prevented from being dissolved by rain.
4 Strengthen the feeding and management of cows. First coarse and fine after feeding, first feed and then drink, two times a day in winter, drink warm water after feeding, and three times a day in summer. Concentrates should be blended into blends on a regular basis, mix well, and mix with water for 6 to 8 hours before feeding. When feeding each time, the feeding staff should look at the tank feeding, adjust the remaining deficiency, fill with food, and eat it once. The type of feed should be relatively stable, all kinds of feed must be fed together, and do not change frequently. If they must be replaced, they must be gradually replaced so that the cattle can gradually adapt to ensure the normal digestion of cattle. Do not feed moldy frozen feed. Silage is fed in the house during the winter and is now fed.
In management, it is necessary to achieve "Five Sets": that is, the management personnel, the slot of the fixed cattle, the type of feed, the time for feeding, and the schedule of management. Create a quiet and comfortable environment for cattle to fully rest and ruminate cattle. Storage of feedstuffs should be protected against moisture, rain, rodent bites and pesticides: Remove impurities from feedstuffs; keep utensils clean and hygienic at all times; keep flat, dry, mud-free pits, and no excrement in homes, circles, and yards; Always keep cattle body clean, don't have hanging manure and dirt, brush the cattle body once a day; often observe the health status of the cattle, observe whether the spirit, feed intake, and feces of the cattle are normal, so that the sick animals can be found early. Early treatment. Take care of the cold in winter and summer in summer. Feeding captive cows should be exercised every day, and they must maintain 6 to 8 hours of sunlight every day, but avoid direct sunlight at noon in the summer to prevent heat stroke. In particular, cows in the second trimester of pregnancy should be rushing, holding or exercising in a circle every day to reduce their dystocia. To prevent accidents from colliding with each other to prevent miscarriage. The gestation period of the cow is about 285 days. The cows are uneasy and frequently defecate to urinate. They are about to give birth. At this time, the preparations for the delivery should be done to provide the cows with clean grass and a quiet environment. A clean and quiet house can be used as a special delivery room to clean up and disinfect, to lay grass, to prepare hot water and lighting, and to use 1% of children, iodine, soap and so on.
When a cow is delivered, it is necessary to do a job of giving birth and a midwifery. When dystocia occurs, it must be dealt with promptly. Postpartum cows are fed a sufficient amount of bran salt water (bran 1.5 ~ 2kg, salt 100 ~ 150g, warm water 10 ~ 20kg) to promote the discharge of the placenta, supplement the body's moisture loss at delivery. Remove contaminated grass and replace it with clean grass. Immediately after the yak production, the mucus of the nose and mouth was wiped clean, and the cut end of the umbilical cord was soaked with 5% iodine for a while. If it was not self-cut, it could be broken at 6-8 cm from the abdomen and then disinfected. The mucus on the yak body can be drained from the cow or dried with soft hay. Postpartum should be discharged 4 ~ 6h, timely check whether complete, take away.
Postpartum guarantee of cow nutrition and provide adequate drinking water, so that the cows in the postpartum body condition, the uterus recover as soon as possible, 60 days after childbirth estrus and mating to conceive, ensure that the calving once a year; ensure that the calf is born after half an hour to 1 hour The colostrum was eaten within 20 days after birth, and was fed to feed for feeding and eating. After 4 to 6 months of age, weaning was performed.
In addition to the disease prevention of cattle in accordance with the local regulations of the immunization program for immunization, the insects should be repelled twice a year, can be injected with ivermectin preparations, the effect of prevention and treatment of parasites in the body better.
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