Cultivation and renewal of the Y-shaped tree shape of the main branch of peach tree
The main branches of the peach tree have fewer Y-shaped tree branches, only 2 are selected, the canopy is well ventilated and light, suitable for close planting; the branches of the tree are the result of the branches and the results are many; because they are dense plants, they are generally not cultivated. Large-scale fruiting branches and lateral fruiting branches, all kinds of result branches are directly born on the main branches, distributed around the main branches, mainly on both sides. After forming, the whole tree can produce 60 to 80 fruiting branches of different sizes, the height of the tree is 2.5-3.0 meters; the angle of the two main branches is 60-70 degrees, and the opening angle is small, which is convenient for mechanized operation. For the cultivation of this tree shape, the following points must be mastered.
1. The main branch of the young tree is shaped. The saplings are mainly cultivated in a tree shape with a dry height of 30 to 50 cm and a fixed height of 60 to 80 cm. Choose two branches with good growth potential, full buds and positive direction to make the two main branches, and fix the main branch angle to 45 to 50 degrees by means of support, pull and fall. In the winter shears, special emphasis should be placed on four details: (1) Extending the branch processing: the weak branches are short and short, the moderate branches, and the strong branches are placed. (2) Branch treatment near the branches: to eliminate competition branches, long branches, and dense branches. (3) Correcting the direction of the branch: the direction of the branch is not correct, and it can be replaced by the adjacent branch with the direction of development. (4) Adjustment of the growth of the two main branches: the two main branches are required to be balanced, and the main branches are strong, and the weak branches can be changed, the fruits are retained, and the results are more retained; the main branches are weak, and the branches can be changed. Leave the fruit and leave the result branch less.
2. Reasonably locate the result branch group. There is no side branch on the main branch, only the result branch group is cultivated, and 9 to 11 result branch groups are cultured on each main branch, which are arranged in a cross, and are evenly distributed on both sides of the main branch, which are 40 to 50 cm apart. Until the fruiting period, if the branch group is too dense, some branches can be properly removed. All branches are cultured from the dorsal oblique branches and form an angle of 60 to 70 degrees with the main branches. The main branch base cultivated a large branch group, and the middle part cultivated the middle branch group, the closer to the extended head, the smaller the branch group, and the closer to the extension head, leaving only the result branch.
3. Balance the distribution of results. As a result, the result branches on the branch group, the branch spacing is 15 to 30 cm, and the moderate-grained branch with a diameter of 0.6 cm and a length of 20 to 60 cm is left. 5 to 6 can be left on the large branch group, 3 to 4 on the middle branch group, and 1 to 2 on the small branch group. The gap between the branch group and the branch group can leave short fruit branches and bouquet-like fruit branches.
4. Update the results in time. The fruit branches of the fruit trees in the fruiting period are weakened after the results and need to be updated in time. The result of the branch update method is to leave the branch update or leave the reserve update. The update of the reserve branch is not left, and it is also called the single branch update. When trimming, the fruit branch can be shortened appropriately. The reserve branch is updated, also known as the double branch update. When trimming, the two result branches adjacent to the base are selected on the same mother branch, and the upper branch is lightly cut and left for the result branch, and the lower branch is left 2 to 3 knots. The next year is not the result, so that it will take off and prepare for the next year. The branch that is cut off is the reserve branch. In the next year's result, the finished branch is cut off, and the two new shoots that occur in the branch are prepared. One of the upper branches is the result branch, and the lower one is the cut-off branch. So updated every year, so that the result part is not far from the big branch, you can rejuvenate the branch group.
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