Daily management techniques for breeding cows
People breed cows for meat use. They expect the cows to have a high conception rate, high lactation performance, strong ability to feed yak, and return early after calving. The quality of calves expected to be good, birth weight and milk production are large. The survival rate of weaning is high.
(I) Feeding management of pregnant cows
After pregnancy, the cow needs not only its own growth and development nutrition, but also to meet the nutritional needs of the fetus growth and development and nutritional accumulation of postpartum lactation. Therefore, to strengthen the feeding and management of pregnant cows, so that they can normal calving and breastfeeding.
1. Intensive feeding for pregnant cows In the early stages of pregnancy, cows are usually reared as free-breeding cows. During the last 2 to 3 months of pregnancy, nutrition must be strengthened. During this period, cow nutrition directly affects fetus growth and nutrition itself. Accumulation. Feeding pregnant cows, according to the increase in the month of pregnancy to adjust the diet formula, increase the amount of nutrients to give. For pregnant cows grazing and feeding, more choices of high-quality pastures are used to extend the grazing time, and 1 to 2 kg of concentrate feed is replenished daily after grazing. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to preventing the pregnant cows from becoming over-fat, especially the first-born young cows. It is also necessary to prevent excessive feeding in order to prevent dystocia.
2. Pregnancy work for pregnant cows During the cow's pregnancy, care should be taken to prevent miscarriage and premature birth. The following aspects should be observed in practice:
(1) Cows from the second trimester are grouped separately from other herds and grazing alone in nearby grasslands.
(2) To prevent cows from colliding with each other, do not whip and drive away during grazing to prevent panic attacks.
(3) Do not grazing and drive in rainy days to prevent slipping.
(4) Do not grazing on dew-covered pastures, and do not allow cattle to eat a large amount of young legumes that are prone to produce gas, and do not use mildew feeds or ice-drinking water.
Pregnant cows should be exercised for about 2 hours per day to avoid excessive fat or lack of exercise. Attention should be paid to the observation of laboring cows and preparations for delivery and midwifery should be done in time.
(B) Feeding Management of Breastfeeding Cows
Breast-feeding cows are cows that raise calves with their milk after calving. In recent years, with the continuous deepening and development of breeding and breeding of yellow cattle, the Arongqi yellow cattle have gradually developed towards the direction of meat and milk, which has produced obvious social and economic benefits. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to strengthen the feeding and management of nursing cows.
1. Feeding and nursing cows Feeding and management of cows Cow calving within 10 days is still in the body recovery stage. Moderate breeding must be performed for cows that are overweight or overweight after calving. For frail cows, only high-quality hay is fed within 3 days after delivery. After 4 days, appropriate amount of concentrate and succulent feed can be fed. According to the recovery status of breast and digestive system, the amount of feed is gradually increased, but the amount of concentrate is increased every day. Not more than 1 kg, when the edema completely disappears, the feed can increase to normal. If there is no edema in the postpartum breast of the cow, the body is healthy and the excrement is normal, the juicy material and the fine material can be fed on the first day after the calving, and it can be increased to the normal amount by 6 to 7 days.
The first-born cow is postpartum due to lack of carbohydrate-rich concentrates in the diet, and the excessive amount of protein is prone to ketosis, resulting in lower blood sugar and increased blood and urine ketone bodies. Practical attention should be given to it. When feeding a breast-feeding cow, it is generally advisable to feed 3 times a day.
2. Grazing management of nursing cows Because the green feed is rich in crude protein, it contains a variety of essential amino acids, vitamins, enzymes and trace elements, adequate exercise during grazing and rich nutrition contained in sun baths and pastures can promote The metabolism of the bovine body improves reproductive performance, increases milk production, increases the health of cows and yaks, and increases resistance to diseases. Before grazing and feeding, you should do the following preparations.
(1) Preparation of grazing equipment: Before the grazing season arrives, the houses, sheds and fences are to be repaired; the temporary rest points after the water source and drinking water are determined; and the roads are renovated.
(2) Preparation of herds: including hoof repair; dehorning; repelling insects in and out of the body; checking cattle number; weighing and grouping of cows.
(3) Transition from housing to grazing: When cows are rushed to the grass for grazing, they should be pre-fed with roughage, semi-dry storage, and silage. The diet should have enough cellulose to maintain normal ruminal digestion. . The transition period in summer is 7-8 days. There are few succulent feeds in winter diets, and the transition period should be 10-14 days. In the transition period, in order to prevent grass tics, daily grazing for 2 to 3 hours gradually transitions to 12 hours at the end of each day.
(4) Since there is less potassium in the pasture, special attention should be paid to the supply of salt to maintain the balance of sodium and potassium in the cattle body. Salt-supplementing method: it can be fed in the cow's fine material, or it can be set in the place where the cows drink water, so that they can freely feed.
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