Edible Sunflower Cultivation Technology

First, choose the land with flat land, moderate fertility, convenient drainage and drainage, and relatively small soil viscosity. It should not be repeated. Second, sowing 1, sowing time when the 5cm soil temperature can be sown 5 °C. The basic principles of sowing date selection are: First, according to the law of occurrence of saline and alkali, proper early sowing or late sowing, so that the seedlings avoid salt and alkali damage; Second, spring or summer sowing according to the growth period of the variety; Third, according to the incidence Regularly adjust the sowing date so that it avoids the season with multiple diseases. Fourth, adjust the sowing date according to the growth characteristics, and avoid the high temperature above 28°C during the flowering filling period. 2. Sowing amount Determine the sowing amount according to the variety characteristics and cultivation requirements. General artificial on-demand requires 600 grams per 667 square meters, and 700 grams for seeding. 3, with seedlings sunflower is a longer growth period, and tall plants. Fertilizer application rate is 667m2 per 667m2 or 5-8kg of diammonium phosphate, or 10kg of three phosphate fertilizers. 4, when sowing seeds better sowing, depth 3-4cm is appropriate. The sowing methods are: (1) artificial or mechanical force, on-demand or trench drilling; (2) precision on-demand, 1-2 particles per hole. In arid regions, deep-lying lands can be used to sow seeds on wet soils that have good lye. Third, field management 1, Dingmiao and early Dingmiao, is conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings, but also conducive to disk development. Dingling should be done in 2 pairs of true leaves. 2. The germination rate and emergence rate of a properly planted sunflower are lower than those of oil sunflower, and the top soil capacity is not as good as that of oil sunflower. In order to ensure the number of emerging plants, the actual sowing rate should be increased by 10-20% over the calculated sowing rate. The self-adjusting ability of the fresh sunflower is very strong. When the planting density is large, the small grain of the flower disk is small; when the density is small, the big grain of the flower disk is also large. In the premise of guaranteeing both yield and commercial quality, the number of 667 square meters of preserved seedlings should be maintained at around 3,000, with a row spacing of 60-70cm and a plant spacing of 30-35cm. 3, cultivating and weeding cultivating 2-3 times throughout the growing period. The first cultivator was carried out with 1-2 seedlings of true leaves at a depth of 10 cm. The second cultivator was carried out one week after the seedlings were planted, and the depth was 15 cm. The third cultivator was completed before mulching, combined with ditching, earth-cultivation, and fertilization. The depth was 20 cm. 4. During the 3rd cultivating cultivation of trenching dressing, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are mainly used. Each 667 square meters of diammonium phosphate 5 kilograms, urea 10 kilograms, mixed evenly into the soil. By digging the soil, it ensures the growth and development of secondary roots, prevents lodging, and reduces the underlying branch of the cotyledonary node. 5, irrigation using furrow irrigation, reduce the amount of water each time the method can effectively prevent lodging. Delaying irrigation time can effectively control the plant height of sunflower. General 1.5-meter plant height, head irrigation water should be carried out when the bud diameter 4-5cm, two water in the early flowering period, three water in the grain filling period. About 2 meters of plant height, the irrigation water time is 4 to 5 days before flowering (deep drought, irrigation advance), two water in the head water after 6-7 days, three water in the grain filling period. 6, pollination artificial pollination in a timely manner. Use methods such as "faceplate", "powder", "cotton gloves", etc. to carry out pollination among the discs, or collect parent pollen and gently apply it on the female stigma with a small brush. Pollination is carried out 3-4 times during full bloom. Fourth, harvest 1, according to the characteristics of different varieties, choose a different method of harvest: grain is small, not easy to drop the grain type, the use of machine to take off machine; grain larger, easy to drop grain varieties, to take artificial harvest, artificial threshing method. 2, timely harvesting, threshing, timely drying, selection, bagging. 3, according to the shell color and grain size separate threshing, to ensure that the goods are neat and consistent. 4. Storage conditions: The sunflower seeds should be stored in the room below 15°C and be ventilated and dry. Do not expose them to outdoor exposure for a long time. Storage time should not exceed one year. Too long will cause rancidity in the kernel oil.

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