Essentials of Greenhouse Lettuce Cultivation Techniques
1. Variety selection Choose varieties with strong cold tolerance, disease resistance and strong adaptability, such as Emperor, Salinas, Dahu 659, etc. The seedbed should choose fertile sandy loam with strong water and fertilizer retention capacity.
2. Seedling preparation. Because the lettuce seeds are small, the seedbed farming requirements are strict, the ground preparation should be fine, and the bed soil should be finely crushed and leveled. Apply 10 kilograms of fully decomposed and finely divided farmyard manure, 0.3 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, and 0.3 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per 10 square meter seedbed. Spread the ground evenly, till 10-12 cm, till and mix evenly and level it down.
3. Seed treatment Lettuce can be used for sowing dry seeds or soaking seeds to accelerate germination. When sowing dry seeds, dress the seeds with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder equivalent to 0.3% of the dry weight of the seeds before sowing, and sow the seeds immediately after mixing, never overnight. When soaking seeds to accelerate germination, first soak the seeds in clean water at about 20°C for 3 to 4 hours. After scrubbing, drain the water, put it in a wet gauze bag or pot, and place it in an environment of 20°C to induce germination. Wash with clean water once a day. Continue to accelerate germination after drying, and the germination can be completed within 2 to 3 days, and the germination temperature should be controlled at 15°C to 20°C.
4. Before sowing, pour the seedbed with foot water, while the water has not been infiltrated, sieve the soil to level the border surface, sift 0.1-0.2 cm thick fine soil after the water seeps, and then sow the seeds. The amount of seed used per hectare is 375-450 grams. In order to cultivate strong seedlings and prevent the formation of tall seedlings or weak seedlings, the seedlings should not be too dense. Generally, it is advisable to sow 1 gram per square meter of seedbed. In order to sow evenly, the seeds can be mixed with sand for two times, and then sieve the soil to cover 0.3-0.5 cm. In order to prevent water loss, you can spread rice straw, wheat straw or mulch film on the border surface according to the ground temperature. To prevent ants and crickets from eating the seeds, spray dimethoate and dichlorvos on the bed surface after sowing.
V. Seedling stage management Generally, after sowing, keep the bed temperature at 20℃～25℃, the border surface is moist, and the seedlings can be harvested within 3 to 5 days. If the temperature is too high, shading should be appropriate to create a cool and humid environment to facilitate the healthy growth of seedlings. When the seedlings are just unearthed, the cover of the border surface should be removed in time to prevent the formation of tall seedlings with excessively elongated hypocotyls. After emergence, it will be 18℃～20℃ during the day and 8℃～10℃ at night. Seven to 10 days after emergence, when the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, the seedlings should be divided in time with a distance of 3 to 5 cm. After seedling division, it must be sprayed with 500 times solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or irrigated with water. In the seedling stage, it is necessary to spray 1 to 2 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 600-800 times to prevent and control seedling diseases. The seedling age is 25 to 35 days, and it can be planted when there are 4 to 5 true leaves.
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