Five rice breeding techniques

1, water education law

Aquatic seedlings are the breeding methods for flooding management during the entire breeding period. The use of water layer insulation to prevent cold and control weeds has a certain effect, and it is easy to pull hoe, less seedlings, salt and alkali fields, water flooding, there is salt The role of seedling protection, but long-term flooding, lack of oxygen in the soil, seedlings easy to grow and affect the roots down the bar, seedlings of poor quality, is the traditional method used in China's rice area, has been rarely used.

Rice seedlings generally need to pay attention to seed quality and seed treatment, sowing quality, the best sowing date, seeding rate (density), fertilizer field water conditions, soil permeability, field management and application of plant growth regulators. Good seed quality means that seeds must have strong viability and strong germination potential. Using such seeds can ensure a better seed foundation. High-quality seeds, after proper treatment (such as drying), can increase the germination rate and rate of seed formation.

2, wet method

Wet seedling is a breeding method between water and dry seedlings, which is easy to regulate the contradiction between water and gas in the soil. After sowing, seedlings are quickly emerged and emerged neatly, and physiological blight is not easy to occur, which helps promote rooting. , To prevent the death of rotten buds, but also to promote and control the growth of seedlings through water management, has become a basic breeding method for replacing water breeding.

The most commonly used method is the plastic film moist incubation method. Based on the moist seedling, a layer of film is placed on the car after sowing, mostly covered by low arches. This way of raising seedlings is conducive to heat preservation, moisturizing, and warming. It can be sown in due time to prevent rotting and rotting, and increase the rate of becoming seedlings. It is necessary to plant seedlings in early spring to prevent cold damage.

3, dry education law

During the entire breeding process, the dry seedlings only keep the soil moist and do not maintain the water layer. Common methods such as fertilizer bed fine soil plastic trays, dry nursery trays (in greenhouses), and open and closed membrane dry nursery trays have become important methods for breeding strong, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, and water-saving rice in cold regions and double-season rice.

The soiled bed with soiled plastic trays and the dry seedlings were used on dry, loose beds to use plastic floppy disks or paper tubes for dry seedlings. The sowing method is not limited by the water source during the sowing period, and is convenient for eel raising in the wetlands; it is suitable for the cultivation of large, medium and small seedlings, and has a longer wetted seedling than the plastic tray, and does not have a bunch of roots, which is beneficial to the collocation and application range of high-yielding seeds. expand. In addition, this method facilitates uniform seeding, centralized scale breeding, and commercialization. Plastic trays and dry seedlings are also the best form of breeding for mechanical throwing and have broad prospects.

Open-close film dry nursery. Bed width 1.5m, with bamboo or Amorpha or iron wire arch shed, the middle height of 25 ~ 35cm, insert every 50cm. Covered with a semi-plastic film from both sides, in the top of the shed overlap 20 ~ 30cm, ventilation from the top when the seedlings are lifted, it is called opening and closing. The method vents and regulates the seedlings from the middle of the roof, which is easy to operate, labor-saving, and easy to fertilize, water, and fight drugs. The temperature and light distribution in the bed is uniform, the seedlings grow neatly, and the seedling rate is high; when the seedlings are made, the film is opened from the top Fall down to the sides of the arch shelter with a wind effect. In addition, in order to prevent the ventilation of the two membrane interfaces affecting the insulation, a layer of plastic film can be laid on the bed after sowing, and removed timely after emergence.

4. Two-stage breeding method

The two stages of breeding are to carry out the whole breeding process in two stages. The first stage is the cultivation of 3 to 4 leaves of small seedlings by densely sown dry seedlings or moist seedlings; the second stage is the stage of transplanting seedlings, carrying soil or not. The soil is planted at a certain density and sent to the paddy fields that have been cultivated, fertilized and fertilized. After a large number of strong seedlings are to be cultivated, they are transplanted to the field.

This is a kind of technology that is suitable for multi-cultivation and late-planting seedlings. It has the advantages of high rate of seedling emergence, less seed use, and strong early onset, which can regulate the contradiction of mouthwash. It is especially suitable for paternal pods that have a longer growth period when they are planted in mid-late rice, double-crop successive rice, and hybrid rice. The two stages of breeding can resolve the contradiction between early sowing and late planting and advance the earing period to avoid adverse effects such as high temperature during anthesis or low temperature during filling.

5, plastic floppy disk breeding method

This method is a kind of parenting method that evolved from a large shed. It can raise the proportion of Honda, reduce the cost of breeding, and facilitate management. The quality of seedlings is good and the seedling stage is not easy to attack. The seedlings that are bred can be planted by hand, which is more conducive to throwing seedlings.

The floppy disk is commonly used with calcium plastic floppy disks, 58cm in length and width, 28cm in depth, and 2.6 to 2.8cm in depth. It is placed on the surface of the bed in the field, loaded with nutritious soil, watered and sowed. The dilute sowing of artificial rice transplanter is 70-80g per plate; the dense planting of mechanical rice transplanter is 100g per plate, and the rest of the operation is the same as that of dry and dry type.

The floppy disk breeding is a new technology for reducing the cost, facilitating the intensification and labor saving. In recent years, the northern rice area has developed rapidly. It has the advantages of using garden fields, nutritious soil, open and closed ventilation, and water spraying, using sulfuric acid or acid The agent is used to adjust the acidity in the nutrient soil, cover the soil after sowing, cover the mulching film, and build Miao Qi Miao Zhuang. In addition, according to the reasonable density of mechanical or hand-planting, this method can save seedlings, can transplant seedlings earlier, wrong start broadcast, insert period.

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