Four Misunderstandings of Fertilizing Sweet Potatoes to Avoid
The yield of sweet potatoes is relatively high. If managed properly, the yield of spring sweet potatoes can reach more than 3,500 kilograms per mu. However, in order to obtain a higher price, better flavor quality and appearance quality are required. Among the factors that determine the yield and quality of sweet potatoes, except for the variety In addition to its own characteristics, the most important thing is fertilization management. To make full use of fertilizer efficiency in scientific fertilization, we need to avoid the following four misunderstandings:
1. Use chlorinated fertilizers
Sweet potatoes are typical chlorine-free crops. The adverse effects of chlorine-containing fertilizers on the growth of sweet potatoes are mainly reflected in two aspects: one is that chloride ions affect the transportation and transformation of organic substances produced by photosynthesis to the potato chunks, thereby reducing the yield and taste quality of sweet potatoes. ; Second, high chloride ions in the soil will damage the sweet potato root system, and even cause root death, which not only affects the physiological function of the root system, but also causes the root swelling to be blocked and reduces the yield.
Countermeasures: The use of chlorine-containing fertilizers should be avoided during the whole growth period of sweet potatoes.
2. Use organic fertilizer that is not fully fermented
Whether it is animal-derived chicken manure, pig manure, or plant-derived fermented stalks or decayed leaves, if the fermentation is not sufficient, there will be more insects, eggs, and bacteria in it, which will cause bug eyes and deformities in the resulting potato pieces; After the decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to the soil, under suitable temperature conditions, it will continue to ferment and release harmful gases such as heat and ammonia, which will damage the physiological functions of the root tip.
Countermeasures: Before applying organic fertilizer, first make sure that it has been fully fermented; meanwhile, spray insecticides and other measures to kill insects and eggs.
3. Large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient potash fertilizer
Sweet potatoes are potassium-loving crops. During the whole growth period, the demand for potassium fertilizer is about twice that of nitrogen fertilizer and four times that of phosphate fertilizer. Potassium can promote the timely transport of photosynthetic products in the leaves to the roots, and form yield accumulation through transformation. If the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer is too large, the organic nutrients in the leaves will be more supplied to the leaves and growth points, which will easily cause the imbalance of nutrient distribution, leading to "crazy seedlings" and seriously affecting yield.
Countermeasures: In the middle and late stages, the use of nitrogen fertilizer should be restricted and the proportion of potassium fertilizer should be increased. If the vines grow too vigorously, measures such as spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaf surface and pinching the tips can be used to inhibit vegetative growth and promote the transfer of photosynthetic products to the roots. Transportation and transformation to increase production.
4. "One-shot" fertilization
In the middle and late stages of growth, the vigorous growth of sweet potato stems often causes ridge closure and inconvenience for top dressing. Therefore, many farmers will use the "one shot" method in fertilization, applying a large amount of base fertilizer, and no top dressing after the ridge is closed. On the one hand, this approach leads to a large amount of fertilizer leaching loss and low utilization rate, on the other hand, it leads to insufficient nutrient supply during the rapid expansion of the tuber, which is not conducive to the formation of higher yield and quality.
Countermeasures: â‘ In the basal fertilizer that provides potassium, increase the application amount of slow-acting potassium fertilizers such as potassium humate; â‘¡Bacterial fertilizers such as silicate bacteria with potassium-releasing function are used in the basal fertilizer to strengthen the soil in the middle and late growth stages Effective supply of medium potassium; â‘¢Shallowly apply a high-potassium compound fertilizer before closing the ridge, and spray a foliage fertilizer with a concentration of 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 7-10 days after the ridge is closed. .
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