Functional "Green Pesticide" Development Shows Four Trends
Water-based granulation and high-concentration functionalization The development of “green pesticides†presents four major trends. The contribution of pesticides to humans is obvious to all. However, with the continuous deepening of scientific research and the continuous advancement of agricultural technology, the negative impact of pesticides has gradually been recognized by people. In particular, cases of irrational use of drugs and endangering food safety have aroused great concern in the society. The more appealing the use of highly effective non-toxic green pesticides has become. The stronger it comes. The reporter recently interviewed Weng Boqi, vice president of the Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Weng Boqi said that as far as development direction is concerned, research and development of green pesticides still mainly include chemically synthesized pesticides that are highly effective at killing and have no toxic or side effects, and effective biological pesticides. In the future, there will be four trends in the development of green pesticide formulations: water-based --- reduce pollution, reduce costs; granulation --- avoid flying dust; high concentration --- reduce the amount of carriers and additives, reduce material consumption; - It can better exert its efficacy. On the technical level, the industry began to pay attention to the development of plant pesticides, that is, insect-resistant crops and herbicide-resistant crops that have been cultivated using genetically modified technologies, and to achieve the goal of using less pesticides, even without pesticides, by developing insect-resistant and disease-resistant transgenic crops. , thereby reducing its impact on the ecological environment. Weng Boqi said that in recent years, China’s pesticide industry has stepped up structural adjustments, and the development and production of five highly toxic organophosphorus pesticide alternatives has been further accelerated. New varieties of highly toxic pesticides, new paddy fields and dryland herbicides, fruits and vegetables are being With fungicides and preservatives. The current hot spots for the development of chemical pesticides are heterocyclic compounds, especially heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms. About 90% of the world's pesticide patents are heterocyclic compounds. Heterocyclic compounds have the advantages of low toxicity to warm-blooded animals; relatively safe for birds and fish; good efficacy, especially for the control of insect pests such as aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, and thrips, etc. Good; use less, the general amount is 5 ~ 10 g / ha; easy to degrade in the environment, and some have the role of promoting crop growth. Weng Boqi stated that the scientific development of green pesticides is a hot spot of social concern. Biopesticidal active ingredients are naturally occurring substances and are widely viewed as having unique advantages. Biological pesticides are mainly divided into three major types of plant sources, animal sources and microbial sources.
Plant-sourced pesticides have the advantage of being easily degradable and pollution-free in the natural environment, and have now become one of the first choices for green biological pesticides. They mainly include plant-derived pesticides, plant-derived fungicides, plant-derived herbicides, and plant photo-activated moldy poisons. . Up until now, the pesticides that have been found in nature have been pyrethroids, nicotine, and rotenone. Animal-derived pesticides mainly include animal toxins such as spider toxins, wasp toxins, and nereis. At present, insect virus insecticides have been widely used in the United States, Britain, France, Russia, Japan, and India, and there are more than 40 kinds of insect virus insecticides registered, produced and applied in the world.
Microbial source pesticides use microorganisms or their metabolites as biological agents for controlling agricultural harmful substances. Among them, Bacillus thuringiensis belongs to the genus Bacillus, and it is the world's most widely used, longest-developed, highest-yield, and most-applied biopesticide. Insect-pathogenic fungi are fungal pesticides against pine caterpillars and rice black tails. Leaf disease has special effects; According to the chemical structure of the fungal pesticide cocloperin, the synthetic insecticides such as Bataan or Shandandan are widely used in actual production.
Weng Boqi suggested that relevant departments should increase investment in R&D, and in particular increase support for original bio-pesticides; carry out large-scale targeted promotion of bio-pesticides throughout the country so that farmers can understand and master the killing of biological pesticides. Insect mechanism and application skills. He also stressed that we must combine the actual production conditions, the rational selection of green pesticides, scientific design of farming practices, implementation of the principle of prevention, prevention and control at the same time, so that green pesticides in the high yield, high efficiency, high quality, ecological and safe agricultural development process The important role.
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