Fundamental Management Tips for Fish Farming in the Mountainous District

The mountainous reservoir area is endowed with unique natural resources. For example, the reservoir area has large water surface, good water quality conditions, abundant water resources, pure natural resources, no pollution, and great potential for the development of aquaculture. There are more than 6,000 large and small ponds in Hubei Province, covering an area of ​​more than 260,000 mu. The original culture is closer to humans and the yield is low, so the potential for increasing production is very large. At the site meeting of fishery development in the mountainous area of ​​the Hubei Province held in October last year, the issue of fish rearing in the mountain reservoir area was highlighted. The author believes that in addition to taking advantage of natural resources to take advantage of the situation, the channel fish rearing in the mountainous area of ​​the reservoir should focus on the following six aspects. Seedling rearing fork back to seedlings is the key. At present, the quantity and quality of fish fry can not meet the market demand, and the time of introduction of the fry breeding parent is too long, resulting in degeneration and variability. So at present, we must focus on three issues. 1. The introduction of parents to cultivate. First of all, we must do a good job of introducing parents. To select the regular fish back to the original fish farm or to introduce the parent fish species in the improved seed farm, the variety is required to be natural, pure and excellent. At the same time, when the parents are introduced, they must undergo quarantine inspection to ensure their quality and do not carry any virus. Second, we must strengthen parenting. In the broodstock breeding period, 4 to 5 instar fish with good physique and good growth performance should be selected as broodstock, and the ratio of male to female is 1:1. The broodstock area is 3 to 5 mu, and 60 to 80 tails per acre are stocked, about 150 to 200 kg. At the same time, a small amount of cockroaches and sturgeon species are raised in order to improve the water quality of the pond. Before the broodstock is overwinter, it is necessary to adopt intensive cultivation measures so that the broodstock can accumulate certain nutrients, which is both the material basis of the ovum and the smooth wintering of the broodstock. As long as the water temperature is above 10°C in winter, broodstock can still feed a small amount of feed and must be fed in appropriate amounts. Prenatal care is the most important, that is, after the spring to strengthen the feeding, careful management. First replace the pool water and add new water. After the water temperature rises, the broodstock feed is getting more and more prosperous. Therefore, it is necessary to gradually increase the amount of feeding, and appropriately increase some animal feed, such as livestock and poultry organs, small fish and shrimp. In order to increase the water temperature in the broodstock pool, the water level may be appropriately reduced, and at the same time, attention shall be paid to the enhancement of flushing. 2. Fry cultivation management. Two to three days after the fish leaves are collected, they are raised and raised first. The holding pool is better with an area of ​​1 to 2m2 cement pool, and 1 to 15,000 fry can be raised per square meter. Microfluidic water is needed in the pool, and 2 to 3 days later, some palatability feed should be fed. The rotifer is best, but it can also be fed artificial powdered compound feed. After 5 to 6 days of fry, the fry can be transferred to a special pool to cultivate summer flowers. The summer flower cultivation can be carried out with a cement pond with flowing water or an earth pond with a relatively small area, with a water depth of 0.7 to 1 m. The conventional method is used for disinfection. After the disappearance of drug toxicity, base fertilizer was used to cultivate zooplankton. The fish fry before bathing with 8g/m3 copper sulfate solution bath for 10 to 20 minutes for disinfection. The flow cement pool can put 8000 seedlings per cubic meter of water, and the earthen pond can lay 580,000 seedlings per mu. The fish seedlings begin early in 2 to 3 days. Since there are rich natural foods in the pool, they generally do not need to be fed, and artificial feeds must be fed later. The main ingredients of artificial batch materials are fish meal, corn meal, soybean meal, vitamins and minerals, etc., and the protein content is required to be 35% to 40%. The daily dose should be determined according to the weather, water temperature, and the feeding conditions of the fish. It is advisable to eat it within half an hour after feeding. During the entire fry feeding period, new water should be injected frequently and the influent water should be filtered. The dissolved oxygen in water should be kept above 4mg/l. After about 20 days of cultivation, the fry can grow into summer fish species about 4 cm in length. 3. Fish breeding and management. It is most appropriate to use large-size species of fish in fish ponds in mountainous areas. Therefore, this stage is to raise summer flowers for a period of time and cultivate them into large-sized and healthy fish species. Fish pond 3 ~ 5 acres is appropriate, water depth 1.3 ~ 1.5m. The stocking mode is divided into two types: the main breeding and the polyculture. The main breeding acre has 6,000 to 8000 summer flowers, and the summer and summer flowers are about 1000. The mixed musai has 1,000 to 2000 tails of summer flowers, and about 2000 winter flowers have been grown. 500 fish summer flowers, grass carp summer flowers 1000 to 1200. It is often better to use polyculture because the staple food of plankton is plankton, and the polyculture with the fish return species can not only prevent the plankton from multiplying in the pond and affect the water quality, but also improve the utilization rate of the water body and increase the total yield of the fish species. Feeding mainly on artificial feed, combined with a small amount of organic fertilizer. The feed should be processed into fine granules with a crude protein content of about 35%. The daily dose is generally 3% to 5% of the total weight of the fish, and it should be fed once every afternoon and in the afternoon. During feeding, proper amount of water or water should be taken in order to improve the water quality and keep the dissolved oxygen in the pool above 3mg/l. The surface of the fish was selected as the freshwater fish of temperate water, and the optimum temperature range was 0-38°C. The optimum growth temperature was 21-26°C. When the water temperature was lower than 10°C, feeding and growth were basically stopped. It grows well in pure fresh water and can still live in water with a salinity of 1.4%. Therefore, ponds cultured with channel-tailed fish require stable water sources, suitable water temperature, good water quality, and no pollution, and they are convenient for drainage and drainage. They cover an area of ​​3 to 6 mu and a water depth of 1.5 to 2 m, and can be cultivated in a single way. Can also be polyculture, the general polyculture effect is better. When the reservoir is farmed, it is suitable for cage culture. For reservoirs used for cage culture, the water temperature must be between 0 and 38°C all year round. The water quality conforms to the fishery water standards. The water source is stable and there is no pollution source. The wind surface of the reservoir is 0 to 6 years old, and the ice is not sealed during the winter. The vegetation in the reservoir area is required. Good, moderate annual rainfall, convenient transportation, open water, sheltered from the sun, plenty of sunshine, quiet environment. The survival rate of fish rearing channel catfish back to adult fish is high, the time is short, and the requirements for culture conditions are not very strict. At present, it is mainly cultured in ponds, and it is generally used for polyculture. It is suitable for fish reared with polychaetes, including salmon, carp, grass carp, carp, and tilapia. Generally, 600 to 650 fishes are returned to fish per acre, and at the same time, they are accompanied by a small amount of quail and bream fish, or 400 to 450 fish per acre of reared fish, and about 400 fishes of oysters, clams, grasses and breams. When catfish are reared to cages, they often use secondary stocking. The first stage is raised from 10cm to 150g, and the second stage is raised from 150g to 750-1500g. It can also be raised directly from 50g fish species to adult fish. The stocking density of 8～10cm species is 350-400 tails/m2, and the breeding density of 150g individuals is 150-250 tails/m2. The catfish of the channel catfish are temperate, tame habits, and easy to fish. As the fish body grows, in order to adjust the breeding density and improve the efficiency, the fish can be listed in batches for catching, listing and wheeling. Scientific feeding of channel-tailed fish is a meat-eating fish. After many years of cultivation and domestication, it has been transformed into omnivorous fish mainly composed of plant-based feeds. Its main feeding targets are benthic organisms, aquatic insects, and zooplankton. Rotifers, organic debris, and macroalgae. In the culture, feed formulation and feeding techniques are very important for the growth of fish back to the fish. The raw materials for processing feed in China mainly include fish meal, soybean meal, wheat flour and corn meal, and the crude protein content is between 25% and 35%. When ponds are cultured, the feed is best processed into two types of pellets: sinking and buoyant. When the water temperature is above 15°C, float feed is fed. When the water temperature is lower than 15°C, feed is fed. Feed twice a day, that is, 1 in the afternoon and 1 in the afternoon. The feeding range should be expanded as much as possible. Observe the fish's food intake daily and adjust the feed rate in time. Passertail fishes are relatively poorly tolerant to hypoxia. To prevent floating heads and pans, pool water should be changed frequently to maintain fresh water quality. The dissolved oxygen in the fish ponds should always be kept above 3 mg/l. When the reservoir cage is cultured, it can be fed with full-price compound feed, and can also be fed with pellet feed made from raw materials such as bran, bran, fishmeal, bean cake, and corn. However, it is required that the protein content must reach 34% to 36%. Before the fish body grows to 6cm, feed the powdered feed. After 6cm, use the pellet feed with particle size of 2~4mm. Generally, the water temperature can be 10~36°C. Feeding. First domestication should be performed when feeding. Although it is a ground fish, it can be uprooted and eaten by domestication. After entering the box, general fish species must be domesticated for a week. The domestication method is to tap the feed barrel or basin first during domestication to form a conditional reflex. Daily domestication twice, in the morning at 7 to 8 o'clock and 4 to 5 o'clock in the afternoon, according to the "slow ~ fast ~ slow" rhythm and "less ~ more ~ ​​less" principle to master feeding speed and feeding amount. Feeding amount should be based on the water temperature, fish size and actual food intake. Each feed should be no longer clustered to catch food. Generally, in the fry cultivation stage, the daily feed accounts for 8% of the total fish body weight. When the adult fish stage is at the water temperature of 15 to 21°C, the feed amount is 3% of the total fish body weight, and when the temperature is 15°C or lower, it is 1%. Each morning feeds 40%, and 60% in the afternoon. In addition, the channel-tailed fish like to feed in the dark light, there is the habit of nocturnal, so in the summer near the cage can be hung with black light traps for food, the use of the advantages of the reservoir area more insect resources fish. Daily management of the cultured catfish is very important. Mainly do the following tasks: (1) Regular inspections. The fish should be standardized in fish farming, regularly check the growth of fish, observe carefully, analyze the fish condition, find out problems in time, and do a good job in the pond and cage culture log to record the daily water temperature, feeding, feeding, dead fish and disease related conditions. Either to gain experience. (2) Adjust water quality. When ponds are cultured, the pool water should be changed frequently to maintain the fresh water quality and prevent floating heads and pans. The dissolved oxygen should always be kept above 3mg/L. When cages are raised in the reservoirs, they should be brushed, washed away from the cages and attached to algae, so that the water bodies can be fully exchanged, and the boxes should be checked regularly. Damages should be promptly repaired to prevent running fish or ferocious fish from entering the tank. If necessary, continue to adjust the cage. Adjust the cage to a suitable depth as the water level of the reservoir rises and falls. (3) Prevention of fish diseases. The fish return from the channelfish is more diseased, especially with viral diseases. Therefore, it must be prevented. In addition to regular disinfection, it insists on not feeding degenerate feeds and carries out drug prevention on a regular basis. Intestinal septicemia is a common disease. All kinds of fish are susceptible to infection. It can be treated by adding 0.18kg oxytetracycline per 100kg of feed. In addition, oral filariasis and small echinococcosis are caused by the skin and pupa tissues of oral mosquitoes and small melon parasitic parasite fish. To prevent these parasites from dipping fish with 8g/? 20 minutes. Processing, marketing, and processing marketing are the key links in the operation of fish return fish farming. If processing and marketing are done well, it will be able to stimulate aquaculture production. How to do a good job of processing and marketing? (1) Pay attention to quality and safety. In the mountainous areas of the reservoir area, fish farming and fish farming must not only adopt regional distribution and scale production, but also adhere to a high starting point, high standards, take the path of industrial development, and increase the output of fish-based fish-based products as the main product. Should be strictly in accordance with the standards of pollution-free production of aquaculture, production of the requirements of the international market, take the export-oriented road, the quality of safety and health to engage in. We must continue to promote new technologies for healthy farming, ecological farming and pollution-free farming so that our products are of excellent quality, genuine and truly green and pollution-free. It is mainly to strengthen the monitoring of environment, water quality, soil, production inputs (feed, additives, drugs, etc.) in the breeding process, strengthen the construction of aquatic pollution-free bases, and produce aquatic products that meet domestic and international safety and quality standards. Enter large and medium-sized cities and supermarkets, and even earn foreign exchange through exports. (2) Pay attention to value-added processing. Fish back to fish taste delicious, nutritious, especially no intermuscular puncture, food processing is very convenient and fast, can be sold fresh, can be processed into fish, can enter the supermarket, can be chain operations, can be processed into convenient food, can be used as Microwave foods... These have a strong appeal to modern people who are fast-paced, so they have always had a very good market, especially the export situation is optimistic. As Americans have a special liberty for returning fish to fish, experts estimate that the demand in the U.S. market alone is more than 100,000 tons per year, while China’s domestic production capacity is currently only about 100,000 tons, and the export prospects are very broad. The farmers in the mountainous area of ​​the reservoir should rely on domestic export processing leading enterprises to achieve order production. At the same time, processing export enterprises should grasp the international market information, continuously improve processing technology, ensure value-added processing, and earn foreign exchange through exports. (3) Pay attention to marketing strategies. To change the habit of selling fish in the past season, we must carry out the “sold-to-go,” and when to make money and when to sell. Such as holidays or major events can be listed at any time; can also contact the above units to the relevant unit or individual family sales. At the same time, it is necessary to grasp the opportunity of regional spread information and achieve off-site sales. Online sales and exhibition sales can also be used. If necessary, fish can also be used in exchange for production materials and living materials. In addition, listing through fishing can not only solve the problem of selling. We must attach great importance to the international market and do a good job in exporting fish and fish to foreign exchange. (4) Focus on brand management. It is necessary to produce high-quality fish-to-fish products with good quality and marketable products. We must also pay attention to brand building, and take advantage of natural ecological advantages, pollution-free advantages, and green environmental protection advantages of mountainous reservoir areas, and make them bigger and stronger. Brand, increase market share.

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