Ginger pollution-free high-yield planting management technology
How to plant pollution-free ginger? In general, the pollution-free planting management of ginger can effectively improve the overall quality of ginger. The following is a study on the high-yield planting techniques of pollution-free ginger with Huinong.
1 Ginger cultivation plot selection
1.1 Selection criteria
Ginger should be planted on non-polluting plots, and in the cultivation of pollution-free ginger, it must be ensured that there are no sources of water and atmospheric pollution in the plot. At the same time, the plot should be fertile and convenient for irrigation and drainage. Ginger likes water and is not drought-tolerant and resistant to phlegm, so the texture of the soil must be fertile, and drainage and irrigation should be convenient. It is best to use loam or sandy loam.
1.2 Implementing the rotation system
In the process of ginger cultivation, its pests and diseases are mainly transmitted by soil as a carrier. In the production process, the amount of pesticides should be minimized. For the cultivation of pollution-free ginger, it is better not to use the plots of heavy or glutinous, but to choose more than three years of unplanted ginger and no ginger. Piece. In the process of actual planting, it is necessary to actively implement and implement the rotation system to ensure that the quality of ginger cultivation meets the standard requirements.
2 Selection and treatment of ginger seeds
2.1 Seed selection
Ginger pests and diseases use ginger as a carrier of transmission, so we should always insist on the way of transplanting from disease-free areas. In the selection process, the ginger seeds are reserved in the disease-free area of ​​the previous year, and the healthy and healthy fields are selected. When harvested from the field, you can choose a full and fat ginger, while the meat is fresh and hard, and the number of buds is controlled in one or two. The ginger pieces selected for this pest-free area are preserved and used as ginger species.
2.2 Seed treatment
2.2.1 drying
In the early March of each year, remove the ginger from the preserved sorghum under sunny conditions, and wash the soil with clean water to ensure that the ginger is tiled to receive sufficient sunlight. After drying for 2 days, remove the broken ginger or the thin ginger. It needs to be placed for 1 d after the room is taken back, and then dried for 1 d. On this basis, the dried ginger should be planted indoors for 3 to 4 days. The hay should be placed under the ginger pile and the upper part should be covered with straw to ensure that the temperature is controlled at 11-16 °C. In this way, the nutrients inside the ginger seeds can be decomposed. Through the drying and gingering of ginger, it can effectively achieve the purpose of germination.
2.2.2 Seed disinfection
Ginger should actively adopt disinfection treatment and disease prevention methods before sowing and germination. After the ginger seeds are trapped, the top buds and tubers need to be removed to ensure that each tuber leaves a top bud. If there is no top bud, the side buds can be reserved. In this process, it should be soaked for 30 min with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution.
2.2.3 Seed germination
The sand bed should be selected, and the position of the leeward sun should be selected. The humidity of the sand bed should be ensured that it can be kneaded into a group and landed and scattered. The sand should be laid on the sand bed, and the ginger seeds should be buds up and placed tightly on the sand bed. The thickness of the wet sand is 12 cm. By using the small arch frame, the plastic film is covered to ensure that it is covered. It was pressed around. If you encounter cold weather conditions, the straw curtain should be covered to achieve the purpose of insulation. When the bud grows to 0.5 cm, the ginger pieces are taken out and germinated to ensure that they can adapt to the external environment.
2.3 Application of small arch shed cultivation, implementation of early broadcast strategy
Some scholars have pointed out that mulching cultivation should be 20 to 30 days earlier than the date of conventional sowing, and seeding can be started in early April. The thickness of the mulch film is 0.005 to 0.006 mm, and the specification is 240 to 340 mm. Before the film is covered, weeds can be removed by water spray herbicide. The amount of herbicide is 1.5~2.25 kg/hm2. In daily planting, in order to increase the yield of ginger, the area of ​​water spray herbicide can be enlarged and its specifications can be controlled. At 52.5 ~ 60t / hm2, it can also be cultivated through a small arch shed to increase the yield of ginger. In the study area, ginger was sown in early April, which greatly increased its yield, increasing yield by 30% to 40%, and increasing yield by up to 44.8%.
2.4 Reasonable close planting, timely shading
The yield of ginger is closely related to the number of plants per unit area and the weight of each plant. The ginger cultivation in this study belongs to bare soil cultivation. In general, the planting plant will have a density of 97,600 plants/hm2 at the end of April. The results of this experiment show that if ginger is planted in early April and ginger is cultivated in a small arch shed, the planting density will be between 75,000 and 95,000 plants/hm2, and the yield of ginger can be effectively increased, and the yield is increased by 30%. ～40%, the plant was controlled at 82,500 plants/hm2, and the yield was 44.8%. In the process of cultivating ginger, in order to improve the yield and quality of ginger, shading nets can be used to cover the shade. When selecting the shade net, it should be selected according to the actual situation of the planting area. The shade nets used in this study area are high-bay awning nets with a shading rate of around 30%, or a vertical shade net with a shading rate of about 40%. In addition, the agricultural film perforated shading net is also applicable in this research area. It should be noted that when selecting the agricultural film perforated shading net, attention should be paid to selecting the black perforated agricultural film.
2.5 Fertilization with soil testing formula
Before cultivating ginger, the soil should be analyzed, and the fertilizer that can promote the growth of ginger is prepared according to the actual situation of the soil. The application of this area is 30-45 t/hm2 farmyard manure and 450-600 t/hm2 compound fertilizer. After fertilization, potassium fertilizer or nitrogen fertilizer can be added as appropriate, and the top and bottom of the ground can be topdressed and topdressed. Then it needs to be watered regularly. The initial spray can be sprayed every 7-10 days, and sprayed three or four times in a row. According to the growth of ginger, a proper amount of spray water.
2.6 Scientific prediction of pests and diseases
Pay attention to the prediction of ginger pests and diseases, especially in the prevention and treatment of leaf diseases. If the diseased leaves are found in the field, they need to be removed in time and brought out of the field to be buried or burned. On this basis, 75% chlorothalonil WP 600-700 times solution is used to spray the leaves to achieve the purpose of prevention and control. Spray once every 7 to 10 days and spray twice. Ginger should stop applying the drug 20 days before harvesting. For the disease of the stem of the ginger, if the diseased plant appears in the field, it must be removed in time, and the surrounding soil also needs to be excavated. A 10% bleaching solution was applied to the dug wells and then sealed using sterile soil. For the control of insects such as aphids, it is necessary to apply a 6,000-fold solution of the avermectin preparation, which has an ideal control effect.
2.7 Ginger's delayed harvest
The best time to harvest ginger is in the first frost stage, not to harvest too early. In general, the best time to harvest ginger in Daejeon is 10 to 15 days after the first frost. If it is a shed, it should be selected in a time-delayed manner to ensure that it will be harvested for 20 to 30 days.
The above is the whole content of pollution-free ginger cultivation technology. Hui Nongwang Xiaobian hopes that every farmer friend can master the technical points, improve the income for himself and bring a healthier life to the residents!
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