High-efficiency cultivation of tomato and rice in greenhouse
In the greenhouse tomato and rice cultivation mode, the land was generally cultivated after the rice harvest last year. The tomato seedlings were planted in November, and the greenhouse was planted in the greenhouse in the middle and late February of the next year. It was harvested from the beginning of May to the middle of June. Rice is bred in early May, planted in mid-June, and harvested in mid-to-late October. Tomato per mu is about 5,000 kg, the average selling price is 2.2 yuan/kg, the mu benefit is 11,000 yuan, the mu cost is 3,500 yuan, the net income is 7,500 yuan; the rice yield is 650 kg, the unit price is 1.8 yuan/kg, the mu benefit is 1170 yuan, and the mu cost is 490. Yuan, net income of 680 yuan. The total net income per mu is 8,180 yuan.
First, the greenhouse tomato
1. Field selection and variety selection. When selecting a field, first consider the water source and establish a good drainage system. The second is to pay attention to the rotation, it is best to implement the sharding, usually 3-4 years of rotation, to reduce the accumulation and spread of bacteria in the soil. Tomatoes should be selected from early-maturing and high-yield varieties with low temperature and low fruit setting, such as Jinpeng No.1 and Zhongza No.9.
2, plastic film cover cultivation. Tomatoes were cultivated in a greenhouse by using seedlings and seedlings. They were planted in greenhouses in mid-to-late February. In early spring, tomato covers the mulch, one is to increase the ground temperature and promote the early survival of the seedlings; the second is to protect the dampness; the third is to promote plant development and increase the yield of early maturity.
3. Disease prevention and treatment. The main diseases of tomato in early spring greenhouse are gray mold and disease. In the prevention and control strategy to achieve "four changes": a change in regular ventilation is the first venting after ventilation. That is, in the sunny morning, when the temperature of the shed reaches 33 °C, the ventilation begins. In the afternoon, the ventilation volume is appropriately increased to prolong the ventilation time. Second, the hormones such as tomato spirit and sitting fruit spirit are changed into spray flowers to reduce the spread of human pathogens. Change the regular spraying to master the appropriate time to fight drugs, reduce the number of medications, reduce the humidity in the shed; four change the single medication for alternating medication, improve the effect of medication, reduce pesticide residues.
Second, rice
1. Raising and transplanting. Variety selection: Xujing 3, Huaidao 6 and other high-quality, high-yield and disease-resistant middle-aged Chinese wolfberry varieties. Generally, it will fall in the first half of May, and the amount of acres will be about 3 kg. Daejeon was transplanted in mid-June (the age is controlled at about 35 days), the row spacing is 26.4-29.7 cm, the plant spacing is 11.55-13.2 cm, the insertion is 1.8-2 million holes/mu, and the basic stem seedlings are 8-100,000/mu.
2, fertilizer and water operations. Generally, 15-17 kg of nitrogen is applied per mu in the field (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and the ratio of base fertilizer to panicle is 7:3 or 6.5:3.5. Apply enough base fertilizer, apply early weight and apply fertilizer, and promote early-onset early-onset. Promote flower fertilizer and flower-preserving fertilizer to apply pure nitrogen 3-5 kg ​​per mu in 30 days and 15-20 days before heading. After planting, the water seedlings are protected, and the water is shallow. When the seedlings are 80%, the rice seedlings are appropriately placed in the field. The peak seedlings are controlled within 300,000/mu. The shallow water layer is maintained in the booting stage and the heading and flowering stage, and the intermittent irrigation is carried out in the later stage. Water was cut off in 1 week.
3. Comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases. Soaking seeds with filthy cord clearing agent before sowing to prevent and control disease and dry-point nematode disease, timely control of rice blast, gray planthopper, sheath blight, rice blast, rice leaf roller and brown planthopper Wait for pests and diseases, and prevent weeds in the field.
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