The important role of organic fertilizer in apple trees
The role of organic fertilizer in apple trees is irreplaceable. First, the nutrient content is rich and comprehensive, which is not available in any kind of fertilizer; the second is to improve the soil; the third is to promote the activities of microorganisms in the soil, accelerate the small biological cycle in the soil, and benefit the fruit trees. Growth and development; Fourth, organic fertilizers can produce a large amount of organic acids during the decomposition process, which can make some poorly soluble nutrients into soluble nutrients, thereby improving the utilization of soil nutrients. Therefore, attention must be paid to the use of organic fertilizers in orchards. The application rate of the organic fertilizer is generally required to be applied in the same amount as the fruit tree yield or to be administered in multiples.
Organic fertilizer is a complete fertilizer, but the nutrients are mainly in an organic state. They must be decomposed and decomposed before they can be absorbed and utilized by apple trees. However, the application of organic fertilizers is often carried out by side-by-side transportation, with transportation, such as human and animal excrement, composting. Etc., directly applied without decomposition. Direct application of unfertilized organic fertilizer not only fails to provide nutrients for apple tree absorption and utilization in a timely manner, affecting its normal growth and development, but also harms the roots of apple trees due to harmful substances generated during decomposing and decomposing. It is difficult to match the fertilizer requirement time of the apple tree, which often causes loss or waste of fertilizer efficiency.
Due to the general lack of organic fertilizer, apple orchard fertilization relies mainly on chemical fertilizers. Most of the orchard organic fertilizer is insufficiently invested. The organic fertilizer input of a few orchards accounts for about 30% of the total fertilizer input in the whole year. The good orchard only accounts for about 50%. Most of the orchards still use NPK fertilizer. Mainly. Fertilizer has the characteristics of high nutrient content and fast fertilizer efficiency, but the nutrient is single, and it does not contain organic fertilizer. The fertilizer effect period is short, and it is easy to make the soil compact and the soil quality deteriorates. In fertilization, the application of nitrogen fertilizer, such as urea, ammonium bicarbonate, etc., excessive nitrogen fertilizer also affects the absorption of calcium and potassium by apple trees, so that the tree is malnourished, the buds are not full, the leaves are large and thin, and the branches cannot be timely. Stopping, flower bud formation is difficult, fruit color is poor, the flavor is light and odorous, acne spot disease, water heart disease is common, storage is decreased, showing obvious symptoms of calcium deficiency. In particular, the red Fuji variety is sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer is excessive, and the fruit quality is significantly reduced. In recent years, consumers have strongly reflected that the quality of Red Fuji apples is declining, not good, and not resistant to storage. The main reason is the excessive nitrogen fertilizer. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the resistance of the tree and induce rot disease and powdery mildew. After examining the current situation of apple orchards in China, European experts believe that excessive nitrogen fertilizer is one of the main reasons for the low yield and quality. In this regard, we should pay great attention to it.
The growth and development of fruit trees requires the absorption of various nutrients. In addition to a large number of elements, trace elements are also important. If they are lacking, they are prone to deficiency. At the same time, there is also mutual help or antagonism between various elements. For example, when the apple tree is applied with nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen content in the tree increases, and the absorption of magnesium is also increased. Conversely, when the nitrogen content is low, the absorption of magnesium is reduced. The content of nitrogen and potassium, boron, copper, zinc, phosphorus and other elements is correspondingly reduced. On the contrary, applying a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer to the apple tree, the potassium content in the leaves increased, and the nitrogen content in the soil decreased, and the potassium fertilizer was absorbed more, and even the potassium was excessive. If the application of nitrogen fertilizer is excessive, if the potassium and magnesium fertilizers are not increased correspondingly, the absorption of potassium and magnesium is inhibited, and potassium and magnesium are insufficient. Excessive potassium, the absorption of calcium and magnesium is reduced; on the contrary, low potassium fertilizer can increase the content of calcium and magnesium in the tree. When calcium is deficient, it is not conducive to the absorption of ammonia ions; too much, the soil is alkaline, making iron, manganese, zinc, boron and the like insoluble, leading to the occurrence of deficiency syndrome. However, in actual production, some fruit farmers do not pay attention to or understand the balance of fertilizers. In the application of fertilizer, nitrogen and phosphorus are the main factors, and other elements are applied less, which leads to the occurrence of deficiency syndrome. The apple yield is not high and the quality is degraded. To change this situation, it is necessary to understand the type of fertilizer and carry out reasonable fertilization to avoid the occurrence of fruit tree deficiency syndrome.
The fertilization period of apple trees is closely related to its growth rhythm. However, some fruit farmers do not use the apple tree as a premise, but use the human factors such as capital and labor to determine the fertilization period, thus failing to achieve the intended purpose of fertilization, and sometimes it is counterproductive. In recent years, many orchards have shifted the fertilization of autumn to spring, breaking the "biological clock" of the apple tree. Since the nutrients cannot be converted and decomposed in time and absorbed by the roots, the supply trees need to be used during the peak season in the spring, and the delay to the late summer and early autumn, the fertilizer effect can be fully exerted, so that the spring growth cannot be stopped in time, even if the middle and short branches are stopped for a long time. The second sprouting directly affects the fruit development, reduces the quality and hardness, and loses the significance of fertilization.
Most orchard base fertilizer application time is based on the application of base fertilizer after red Fuji apple harvest, missed the best time for autumn fertilizer. At this time, the ground temperature drops, the root activity is stopped, the fertilizer utilization rate is greatly reduced, and the production cost is relatively increased. After fertilization and spring application of defoliation, the effect of fertilizer is slow, and it has little effect on the growth of flowering fruit and new shoots in fruit trees in spring, which is not conducive to flower bud differentiation. It is unscientific.
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