High quality strong gluten wheat cultivation technology

At the moment, according to editors, our province has entered the busy season of wheat planting. The peasant friends must seize the fine weather and seize the site to ensure that the wheat is sown at a proper time. Areas with insufficient lyrics must strive for cultivation and sowing, so as to ensure the smooth progress of autumn sowing. Due to the continuous emergence of new wheat varieties in recent years, the area of ​​high-quality strong gluten wheat continues to expand, coupled with the high and low temperatures in autumn and winter in recent years, wheat can no longer be sown and managed according to previous experience. Therefore, farmers' friends must adapt to local conditions, plant seeds at the right time according to the characteristics of wheat varieties, and at the same time, they must master the techniques of balanced fertilization for wheat grown in different soils, strengthen field management, and increase wheat production.

I. Selection of varieties Selection of good varieties is the basis for ensuring the quality of strong gluten wheat. To adjust measures to local conditions, identify the best varieties that are suitable for local production conditions.

Second, the fine soil preparation and proper deep plowing, breaking the bottom of the plough, so that the field is no light dark, eliminate the phenomenon of aerial, soil on the virtual reality. After making a ravioli, the ground is leveled to ensure uniform watering and no flushing or silting. Insufficient soil moisture before sowing should be planted.

Third, seed treatment (a) sun seed. Before sowing, choose sunny noon drying for 5-6 hours, continuous drying for 2-3 days. (B) Select. Remove fine pods, insect seeds, and other impurities, which are usually picked with a concentrator. (c) Determination of seed germination rate. Germination tests were conducted under suitable temperature conditions in order to determine the seeding rate. (d) seed dressing. Use wheat special seed dressing agent for seed dressing to disinfect and sterilize, prevent disease and avoid underground pests.

Fourth, balanced fertilization High-yield cultivation of high-quality strong gluten wheat must pay attention to maintain a high content of organic matter in the soil to ensure nutrient balance supply. Soil organic content in plough layer must be 1% or more, total nitrogen 0.09% or more, hydrolyzable nitrogen 7010-6 or more, available phosphorus 2010-6 or more, available potassium 9010-6 or more, and available sulfur 1610-6 or more. The principle of fertilization is the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. Generally, 3000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu, 12 to 14 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 7 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 5 to 7.5 kg of potassium fertilizer. Fertilization to apply basic fertilizer, stage fertilizer. Of the total amount of fertilizer mentioned above, all organic fertilizers, 50% of nitrogen fertilizers, all phosphate fertilizers and potash fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizers are applied in conjunction with watering in the jointing season of the second spring.

Fifth, the appropriate period of sowing should generally be appropriate to expand the width, with 2.5 to 3 meters is appropriate, the width of not more than 40 centimeters, in order to make full use of land and light energy. Can be planted with equal spacing or width and width, with an average spacing of 23 to 25 cm. The winter-resistant varieties with strong cold resistance are sown at the daily average temperature of 16°C to 18°C ​​(on October 1st to 15th), and the semi-winter varieties with general cold resistance are sown at the daily average temperature of 14°C to 16°C ( October 10-20). Basic seedlings per acre and seeding volume should be flexibly controlled according to the situation. For the large panicle type with low rate of tilling with a low spike rate, 7-8 kg per acre, 130,000-160,000 basic seedlings per acre; middle panicle type with a high percentage of tillers with a high spike rate, 5-6 kg per acre. Basic seedlings per mu 60,000 to 100,000. If the sowing date is postponed, the sowing amount should be appropriately increased. To use wheat seeder sowing, precise adjustment of the amount of sowing, strictly control the sowing speed (5 km per hour), sowing depth of 3 to 5 cm, so that the row spacing is consistent, the next uniform, the same depth.

Six, field management (a) pre-winter management. 1. Guarantee the whole seedlings. After the emergence of wheat, seedlings should be checked in time and reseeded with soaked seeds. If rain or soil compaction occurs after the emergence of the seedlings, it shall be carried out in a timely manner to remove the compaction. 2. Cultivate strong seedlings. Focus on nurturing strong seedlings, promote root growth, and coordinate growth. For weak seedlings, priority should be given to management. After the flood season, fertilizers should be applied first, watered afterwards, and cultivated in a timely manner to make soil weaker and stronger; for Wangmiao, use 15% paclobutrazol 30 to 40 g per mu, and water 30. Kilograms for spraying can also be used for deep cultivating or artificial repression in order to control the growth of the strong; for the strong enough feet, good sensation, and timely sowing seedlings can not be top-dressing. 3. Over the winter water. Should be poured during the winter to light snow over the winter, the group rest suitable or large wheat fields, suitable for late pouring; otherwise, suitable for early pouring. (B) return to the green period to the flag period management. 1. Jointing fertilizer watering. When the wheat returns to the green stage and the fertilizer is not top-dressing, it is necessary to carry out early demarcation. Changing the top-dressing top-dressing water in general production to top-dressing to post-jointing top-dressing watering can significantly improve the quality of wheat seeds. The specific time for application of fertilizer and water-saving during pouring should be controlled flexibly according to the variety, fertility, lyrics, and seedlings. The large panicle type with low tillering rate is generally used for top dressing at the jointing stage or at the beginning of the jointing stage. For high panicle type spikes with high rate of tillering, if the soil fertility level is higher and the group is suitable, it is better to apply fertilizer in the early or middle of the jointing stage. If the soil fertility level is high and the population is large, it is better to apply fertilizer after the jointing stage. 2. Pouring flag water or flowering water. Watering at the flag-raising stage will help increase the number of grains per panicle and ensure that the soil will store water in deep layers for absorption and utilization in the later period of wheat production. If the flagging season is better, watering may be postponed until flowering. 3. Adhere to chemical weeding. It is best to apply wheat herbicides to control weeds before winter wheat leaves, and use 75% of superstars or 15% of thifensulfuron per acre to spray 30-50 kilograms of water. Disable herbicides with a long residual effect, and finish chemical weeding before the wheat rises. (c) Flag-raising to mature management. 1. Grout water. Quality strong gluten wheat should pay attention to controlling soil moisture content after flowering. No watering is needed on the basis of flag water or flowering water. 2. Prevent pests and prevent the damage of dry hot wind. Powdery mildew, rust, sheath blight, wheat buckwheat, wheat spider, wheat leaf bee, and midplasma are common pests in the late growth period of wheat and should be effectively treated in a timely manner. It can be combined with the prevention and control of dry hot air for “one spray and three preventions”. Pesticides such as insecticides and urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other fertilizers can be mixed and sprayed at the same time to save manpower and increase control effectiveness. 3. Foliar spraying fertilizer. After 15 days of wheat flowering, 1 leaf foliar fertilizer is applied, 1 kg of urea per mu, 150-200 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 50 kg of water are sprayed, which can increase grain weight and quality and prevent premature decay and dry hot wind. 4. Wax cooked at the end of harvest. In the mid-wax ripening period to the end of the waxing stage, the 1000-grain weight was still increasing. At the end of the waxing stage, the grain weight of the seeds was the highest, and the nutritional quality and processing quality were optimal. At the end of the wax ripening period, the stems of the plants became yellow, the leaves were yellow, and the stems were still elastic. The moisture content of the seeds was about 22%. The color of the seeds was close to the inherent luster of the variety, and it was firm. When collecting and storing, it needs to be single-received, single-played, single-transported, single-tanned to ensure purity and quality.

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