High-yield cultivation techniques for asparagus in greenhouse
Asparagus is one of the top ten high-end vegetables in the world. In addition to its rich nutrition, it also has many health effects such as anti-cancer, blood fat reduction and human immunity. It has been in short supply on the international market. At present, the cultivation of asparagus in the domestic protected area has just started. The total area of ​​asparagus cultivation in the greenhouse is less than 20 hectares (300 mu). The daily supply during the harvest period is less than 2,000 kg, which is far from meeting the huge market demand, so the benefits are very high. Before and after the Spring Festival, asparagus in the supermarkets of Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and other large and medium-sized cities, the sales price is between 36-50 yuan / kg, is more than ten times the price of other protected vegetables, a 269 square meters (7 points) The annual income of asparagus in the greenhouse is more than 20,000 yuan.
Asparagus cultivation in protected areas, winter warm-type greenhouses are needed in cold areas of Beijing, large arch sheds in the Huanghuai River Basin, and small arch sheds in the Yangtze River basin. The following is an introduction to the large arch shed in the Huanghuai River Basin:
First, the variety selection. Asparagus is a perennial plant. It can be harvested continuously for more than 15 years in a single planting. Therefore, it is very important to choose high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant varieties. At present, the best varieties are: asparagus prince F1, 88-5 improved line, 2000-X, Grande and other hybrid varieties.
UC800, UC157F2, etc. imported from abroad are conventional and second-generation species that have been eliminated in foreign countries. The yield is low and the disease resistance is poor. It should not be used any more.
Second, the time of nursery. Asparagus in the north can be raised in the open field from March to October, and can be nursed in winter in greenhouses.
Third, soaking seeds and germination. Asparagus seeds have a layer of hard wax outside, so they must be soaked before sowing. Before soaking seeds, rinse the seeds with water, rinse off the seeds and insects, and soak them in 50% carbendazim 300 times for 12 hours. Then, soak in the spring with 30-35 ° C warm water for 2-3 days (summary, autumn seedlings soaked with cold well water), pour off the water, then cover the seeds with a wet towel, germination, wash the seeds with water once a day to avoid Stuffed seeds, so that when the seeds are about 10% white, they can be sown.
Fourth, the seeding method. Choose fertile sandy loam soil, use 10 square meters of seedlings per 50 grams of seed, first fill the bottom water, draw lines of 10 cm line, single seed on the center, covered with 2 cm thick sieved fine soil .
(1) Early spring seedling: After the seeding, it is covered with a small arch film (width 90-120 cm, height 50-80 cm), and a small amount of phoxim granules are applied to the surface to prevent pests such as cockroaches. The temperature in the arch shed is 25-30 °C during the day and 15-18 °C during the night. When the temperature exceeds 32 °C, it is necessary to uncover the membrane ventilation at both ends in time. When the seedling grows more than three aboveground stems (about 60 days after excavation), it can be transplanted. (2) Summer nursery: Because the summer temperature is relatively high, in addition to soaking the seeds with cold well water, the nursery should also fully pour the bottom water, cover the soil in time, cover with wet grass or wheat straw, and pour the wheat straw with cold water. It was found that the wheat straw and the ground were dry and sprayed with water in time. Remove the cover in the evening after emergence. (3) Autumn seedlings: soaking seeds, the next species is the same as summer. In order to extend the growth time of the seedlings in the later stage, the small arch shed protection as in the early spring can be used before the cooling to prolong the growth period, cultivate large seedlings and strong seedlings, and ensure safe wintering.
Fifth, transplanting and planting. It is better to transplant asparagus from June to July, because the field management time is short, and it can be harvested before and after the Spring Festival, and it will be effective. It is also possible to transplant the seedlings of the previous year. This seedling is large and the seedlings are long, which is higher than the spring seedlings produced in the spring.
Asparagus in the greenhouse is housed in the east-west direction, planted in the north-south direction, with a line spacing of 120 cm and a plant spacing of 25 cm. In order to ensure the bamboo shoots in the Spring Festival that year, the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened in the summer and autumn. (1) Digging and planting ditch: On the ground that has been turned over and flattened, north-south direction, draw a straight line at a line spacing of 120 cm, and dig a groove along a straight line with a groove width of 40 cm and a groove depth of 40-50 cm. (2) Fertilization and filling: fill 5,000 kg of soil-mixed fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer mixed soil into the ditch. (3) Seedling planting: Before the seedling, the nursery will be poured with water first, and the bamboo shoots will be divided into squares with iron shovel. The soil will be seeded out, and the north and south rows will be cultivated. The 25 cm plant spacing is planted in the ditch, and the bulb seedlings are 13 cm below the ground level, and then watered to make it natural. After the water seeps, the soil is protected by the loose soil.
Sixth, summer management. In order to accelerate the growth of asparagus, from mid-July to mid-August, 30 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per acre, and water is poured in time after topdressing. The prevention and control of pests and diseases should be strengthened during the rainy season.
Seven, Qingyuan. I pour water through the water in November, and after a few days, I will remove the dried stems from the ground.
Eight, buckle shed. The single-slope large arch shed is used, and the north slope is covered with corn stalks and the like, and the shed is covered with grass hoe. Each row in the shed supports a small arch shed of 70 cm in height.
Nine, harvested. According to the temperature and growth conditions, asparagus grows to 20-25 cm before the Spring Festival, it will be harvested along the ground. One month after the harvest of the bamboo shoots in the first year (the 269-square-meter shed harvested about 350 kg), the mother stems were allowed to grow. From June to July, another month of summer bamboo shoots will be harvested.
As the age of the bamboo shoots increases, the harvesting period is appropriately extended. But don't rush to over-harvest at high prices.
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