High-yielding Grafting and Seedling Technology of Eggplant
Rotation of eggplant caused the onset of Verticillium wilt, wilt and stem rot to become more serious, and the effect of chemical control was not obvious. Grafting and root replacement were the best way to avoid these soil-borne diseases. In addition, the resistance of grafted eggplant will increase in the future, and the growth will be strong, the quality will increase, and the output value will increase.
First, pick rootstock
The rootstocks grafted with eggplant include Toruubam, CRP, and Japanese red eggplant. From the perspective of production practice, it is best represented by Tolubam. Torrubam is highly resistant to verticillium wilt, wilt disease, bacterial wilt, and root-knot nematode disease. Its roots thrive and grows strongly. There are fewer shoots and stings, and the operation is convenient at the time of grafting, but the seed is extremely small, and the grain weight is about 1 g. It is more difficult to germinate. After the wheat seedlings were unearthed, they grew slowly at the initial stage and accelerated after 3 to 4 leaves.
Second, the rootstock cultivation
Turubam soaked with water for 7 to 8 hours, so that the seeds suck enough water, and then soaked with 100 mg / l of gibberellin for 24 to 48 hours, after the vote into gauze bags, warming germination, day 25 ~ 30 °C, 15 ~ 20 °C at night, every day with clean water to wash once, 7 to 8 days can bud.
The cultivation method of rootstock is the same as that of eggplant. Due to the slower emergence, bed soil is often kept moist and the temperature is the same as that of eggplant nursery.
Third, scion nursery
It is necessary to cultivate the two cotyledons of the rootstock when it is unearthed. When using Toruubam as the rootstock, scion farming should be carried out about 25 days later.
IV. Grafting technology
When the rootstock grows to 6 to 7 leaves and the stem diameter is 4 to 5 mm, it can be grafted when it reaches semi-woodiness. Grafting methods include docking, splicing and oblique cutting.
1. Connected. After the rootstock and scion are lifted together, they are beveled between the third and fourth blades with a blade. The rootstock is cut downward and the scion is cut upward. The depth of cut is 1 to 1.5 cm and the length is 1/2 of the stem. The viewpoint is 30 to 40. Two pieces of leaves were cut off from the rootstock to remove the upper leaves to reduce the evaporation of water, and then the rootstock and scion were cut and fitted and fixed with grafting clips.
2. Connected. Rootstock seedlings were left 2-3 leaves cut flat, and then cut straight in the middle of the cut 1 cm deep mouth, leaving 2 to 3 leaves of the scion seedlings, cut off the lower part, cut into a wedge, the size of the wedge is equivalent to the rootstock cut ( One centimeter long), immediately after piercing the rootstock and cutting it, it is fixed with a grafting clip.
V. Management after Grafting
1. Temperature. After grafting, it is planted in a container and placed in a seedbed. The bed is buckled in a small arch shed. In the first 3 days, the daytime temperature should be increased to 28 to 30°C, 15 to 17°C in the evening, and 15°C to the ground temperature. In order to ensure proper temperature in the early stage of grafting, warming equipment should be provided in the greenhouse under low temperature conditions, and electric heating hotbed nursery should be used when there is no heating equipment. After 3 to 7 days after grafting, the temperature decreased by 2 to 3°C following the addition of ventilation. After a week of healing, the blades will enter normal temperature management.
2. Humidity. After the grafting of each wheat seedling, the matrix should be irrigated and the wheat seedlings placed in a small, well-watered shed with grafting. The relative humidity in the first 3 days is preferably over 90% to 95%. The spray should be sprayed once a day on the morning and afternoon, and the wet state should be maintained. It is advisable to cover the film with dew drops. The relative humidity in 4 to 6 days may decrease slightly, preferably 85% to 90%, and it is generally sprayed only before and after noon. One week after grafting, it was transferred to normal management.
3. Light. The first 3 days after grafting, the shading of the eggplant with shading nets, straw blinds, curtains, etc., will be sooner or later visible on the 4th day. It will be covered only when the noon light is strong, and the lighting moment will be gradually extended in the future. After 7-8 days, the shade will be removed. Heaven sees light.
4. Ventilation. After 6 to 7 days, the air is not ventilated. After the sealing period is over, air or air is selected for morning or evening air with high temperature and air humidity. Follow the wound healing, gradually remove the masking material, enhance ventilation, spray 1 or 2 times a day at noon, 10 to 12 days after grafting, wound healing into normal management, rely on scion seedlings off the scion root, remove the graft clip. Grafting seedlings generally reach the planting norms within 30 to 40 days after grafting.
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