High-yielding technology of pepper hybrid seed production

The yield of pepper hybrid seed production mainly depends on the number of plants per unit area, the number of hybrids per plant, the number of seeds of a single hybrid, and the 1000-grain weight of hybrid seeds. At the same time, cultivation techniques and cross pollination techniques are also closely related. This article summarizes several key technical measures for high-yielding seed production. First, the sowing date of the pepper sowing system to ensure the flowering period meet, in the father of the first flowering, waiting for the mother's principle to determine. According to the maturity of the parents, sooner or later, the general sowing date is from early December to early January. Second, sowing nursery 1, soaking disinfection. Immerse the seeds in warm water of 50-55°C. The amount of water is preferably immersed seeds. Stir constantly until the water temperature drops to about 30°C. Stop stirring, then soak for 8-12 hours, and then remove with 10% phosphoric acid. Sodium solution or 2% sodium hydroxide solution soaked for 15-20 minutes, and then washed several times, washed and germination. It is generally performed at a constant temperature of 28-30°C. The seeds were frequently turned during the germination and the seeds were washed once a day with fresh water supplemented with 0.02% boric acid. When the germination rate reaches 60%, it can be sown. 2, seedbed preparation. Prepare nutritious soil first, use 6 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer (mast, pig manure or chicken manure), add 4 parts of topsoil on the onion and garlic, mix evenly and sieve, add a small amount of carbendazim and chlorothalonil to prevent disease . The seedbed can be prepared in Yangshuo or in a greenhouse. Each square meter of nursery bed can be fed with 5 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, diammonium 0.25 kg, and then deep-flushing and smashing. 3, sowing. When sowing, the first water poured about 6 cm, the water seepage after spraying a thin layer of mancozeb zinc medicine, uniform sowing, generally sowing 10 grams per square meter. After the seeds were sown, they were covered with a thin layer of medicinal soil and then covered with 0.8-1.0 cm thick nutritious soil. 4, seedbed management. The temperature during the day before emergence was maintained at about 30°C. 18-20 °C at night. After the seedlings are unearthed, the temperature is appropriately lowered to increase the temperature difference between day and night to prevent leggy seedlings from growing. At this time, the temperature is controlled at 23-25°C during the day and 15-17°C at night, so that the hypocotyls can be prevented from being too long and grow into tall seedlings, and the cotyledon hypertrophy, dark green leaves, and robust growth can be ensured. To control watering, watering can be used if the leaves have wilting symptoms at noon. When the seedlings grow to two true leaves, seedling transplants can be performed. Generally, 10 cm x 10 cm line spacing is used to divide the seedlings into seedlings, or single plants are transplanted into 8 cm X10 cm nutrients. During the sub-seedling period, the daytime temperature is controlled at 28-30°C and 18-20°C at night. Shade is required when the seedlings are wilted before and after noon. In the Qimiao, after the appearance of the first true leaf, after the slow seedling and the 4 leaf stage, each cover soil 0.5 centimeters, all use nutrition soil. Humidity is in the hands of a group, and it is better to give it as a grain. Seedling period should also be increased as much as possible, should be more than 8 hours a day. 7-10 days before planting, seedlings should be grown at low temperature, controlled at about 20°C during the day and 12-15°C at night. Third, colonization 1, soil preparation fertilization. Before the site preparation, apply enough 5,000 kg of organic fertilizer, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of potassium sulfate, and plough 30 cm deep to fully mix the fertilizer and the soil, so as to increase the ability of the soil to retain fertilizer and store water. 2, colonization. Using high ridge colonization, covering the film. Plastic film must be sealed to prevent air leakage. Normally in the middle and late March, the female parent is planted in a greenhouse. In order to ensure the late supply of pollen, some of the male parents can be planted in greenhouses later. Colonization of planting spacing is 30 cm X 50 cm. About 4,000 trees were planted per 667 square meters, and the proportion of parents was 1:2.5-3. IV. Field Management After planting until mid-April, the main purpose is to conduct insulation and cold-proofing. Afterwards, ventilation and temperature control and humidity management will be carried out. In particular, after the middle of May, there will be more dry and hot winds. It is necessary to constantly cool the water and maintain a certain humidity in the shed. Pollen dehydrated and dried, the germination power was reduced and the female stigma was dehydration and shedding. Fertilizer management is mainly to make the female parent develop as much as possible before seed production. It is better to apply urea in sunny days; to pour water in early stage of flowering, to concentrate flowering, increase flowering number, and to increase temperature in the shed. In general, the roots are topdressed after sitting on the mother fruit for 5 fruits, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate may be sprayed before pollination in the morning. The male parent had to control the water after flowering to extend the flowering period. In the late pollination period, the female parent controls the water properly and strengthens pest control. V. Disease and Insect Pest Control The main diseases of pepper are damping-off disease, blight, disease, virus disease, anthrax, gray mold and bacterial wilt. Blemishes can be treated with 25% metalaxyl 800 times or 58% metalaxyl MnZn WP 500 times. Spray once every 7-10 days. Spray 2-5 times successively. After the seedbeds are sprayed with pesticides, use fine dry soil or plant ash to spread on the seedbed to reduce the humidity of the seedbed and control the spread of the disease. And as soon as possible to remove the bacteria, as well as diseased soil around the diseased plants, burned strains. The diseased area was sterilized with 40% pentachloronitrobenzene. Blight can be controlled by 70% mancozeb WP or 500% by 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, spraying once every 7-10 days. When spraying, it should be sprayed on the base of stem or watered directly. The disease can be treated with 5 g/667 667 square meters of copper sulphate before planting. 72.2% Preclosure 600-800 times or 72% Precise WP 600-800 times can be used to control the disease. Ank manganese zinc 600-800 times or frost urea manganese zinc 600-800 times liquid spray can also be used. The greenhouse can be sealed and fumigated with 50-75 grams per square meter of methyl bromide for 2-3 days, then the film can be dispersed for 7-10 days. Virus disease can be controlled by virus K500 times or 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times. Anthrax can be treated with 20% Carbonate WP 500 times or 25% WP WP 500 times, sprayed every 7-10 days, and sprayed 3-4 times. Gray mold can be controlled with 50% polymyxin WP 1000 times or 65% metalaxyl WP 600 times. Bacterial wilt can be irrigated with 47% Garneton 500 times or 77% WP 500 times, or 40% formalin or 20% lime water to sterilize the soil near the diseased plant. Insect pests are mainly whitefly and aphids. Whitefly can be controlled with 25% Praxanthine WP 1000-1500x or 2.5% Uranus 2000-3000x. The aphids can be controlled with 50% anti-inferiority WP 2500 or 40% omethoate EC 1000-2000. 6. Hybrid Seed Production Techniques 1. Selection of female hybrid flower position and flowers. Due to the low temperature, the pepper grows poorly, has few seeds after fruit setting, and competes with upper flowers and fruits for nutrient culturing, and generally does not carry out crosses. Pollination starts from the upper part of the pepper. The selected flowers should be full-grown flower buds, white scapes, and flowers that will open the next day. 2, pollen collection. The peppers are scattered in large quantities around 9 am. The buds should be picked before 8 o'clock and placed in a desiccator. The stamens should be taken in the afternoon of the same day. The pollen should be sieved out with pollen, or the dried stamens should be placed in a closed glass box. Or shake in the plastic bowl to make the pollen scattered, and then store it in a ventilated room at a temperature of 20 °C. 3, to male pollination. Hold the mother's calyx with one hand and pinch the base of the petal with the other hand. Gently twist and pull again to remove the petals and stamens. Then carefully squeegee the pollen in the pollinator. After pollination, pick the leaves before flowering and mark them or mark them with red paint. The flowers that have been opened during pollination should be removed in time to ensure the purity of the hybrids. 4, timely harvest. After the red peppers are marked, they are ripened on the plants for 4-5 days. The seeds are immediately taken out and placed under the scattered light to dry at the ventilated place to make the seeds golden yellow, prevent the seeds from being damp, and affect the seed viability and commodities. Sex. Excerpt from: Ainong.com

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