How to prevent red neck beetle? Occurrence and control measures of red-necked beetle
Red-necked beetle, also known as worm and iron cannon, is a common and harmful pest, mainly affecting apricot, peach, plum, apple, cherry, pear, walnut and other fruit trees. The beetle is severe, and the cherry branches that are eaten by the red-necked beetle are prone to flow gum, which causes the tree to weaken, affecting the yield and quality of the cherry tree, and even causing the branches to dry or the whole plant to die. Let's share the comprehensive prevention and control measures of the red neck beetle for reference.
1 morphological characteristics
The egg is long oval, milky white, 6~7 mm long. The larvae are 40 to 50 mm long, milky white, and have a wide front and back plate. The mature larvae are 42-52 mm long, yellow-white, with a rectangular front anterior thoracic plate, a yellowish tan at the leading edge, and a light intermediate color. It is bare, yellowish white, with a yellowish-brown gradient. It turns black before feathering, about 36 mm, and has a protrusion on the sides of the front chest and the center of the leading edge. The adult body is 28-37 mm long and has a body width of 8-10 mm. The body color is blue-black, shiny, and the surface of the coleoptera is smooth. The front chest plate is brownish red with one spike on each side and four knobs on the back. . The male antennae are about 1.5 times longer than the body length, and the female antennae are slightly longer than the body.
2 Law of occurrence
The red-necked beetle occurs 1 year in 2~3 years, mainly in wintering with the larvae of different ages in the sweet cherry branches. After the sweet cherry sprouts, the overwintering larvae begin to be harmful to the activity, mainly in the subcortical and xylem, causing the main branch or trunk to be hollow, the tree weak, the dead branches or the whole plant to die. The July-August period in Dalian is the adult feathering period, and the adults after emergence have stayed in the ramp for several days before going out. Adults inhabit and hang on the branches more than at noon. After mating, the eggs are produced in the gaps or skins of the trunk or the base of the main branches. The eggs hatch into larvae after 7-8 days, and the adults die. The larvae began to break into the phloem and then gradually penetrated into the xylem. The hatching early-age larvae are in danger of feeding under the sweet cherry cortex. When the larva grows to about 3 cm, the xylem of the sweet cherry is mainly used, and a defecation hole is bitten outward. During the year, the larvae began to hibernate after the winter. In the second year of spring, the tree body began to harm again after the germination, and the cycle reciprocated. The swarf and excrement are reddish-brown, often excreted in large quantities, and the older larvae are in the second winter after autumn. In the spring of the third year, it continued to be harmful. It was decomposed in June-July and lasted for about 20 days. The insect period is 23 to 35 months, and the total length of the drill tunnel is 50 to 60 cm.
3 Prevention measures
3.1 Strengthen management
Because the red-necked beetle likes to lay eggs in cracks and rough parts of the bark, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the trunk, keep it clean, and scrape the tissues such as rough skin and skin in time. The dead branches or dead trees caused by the damage of the red-necked beetle should be burned in time, and no top tree branches or branches should be used to reduce the source of insects.
3.2 Manually excavating larvae or killing adults
When checking the trunk to find fresh worms, use the knife to dig out the larvae and kill them in time; the adults are afraid of white, and the trunk and main branches are whitened before the adults hatch to prevent the adults from laying eggs. Before the adults lay eggs in early June, apply the stone slag mixture or white paint to the trunk and the base of the main branch. Adults of the red-necked beetle tend to be sweet and sour, and can be prepared by mixing sugar, vinegar, white wine and water into a sweet and sour liquid at a ratio of 5:20:2:80. The preparation method comprises the steps of dissolving the sugar in water and heating to boiling, and then adding the vinegar and the white wine after the sugar liquid is cooled, and stirring uniformly. In the adult emergence period in early July, 1/3 of the sweet and sour liquid was poured into a container, suspended under the shade of the line, 1.5 m from the ground, and added once every 3 to 5 days.
3.3 Smoked larvae
Smoke can be killed from May to September. From July to August, the branches are frequently inspected. When fresh and fine worms are discharged and accompanied by flow glue, the newly hatched larvae should be dug out in time, and the wounds should be coated with stone sulphur. Pay attention to the branches during the growing season. When it is found that there is a large and large amount of worm droppings, it can be judged that the larva has grown up, the shovel is deep, and it is not easy to dig. In this case, use the wire to pry out the worm's dung, insert a cotton ball or a 1 g aluminum phosphide tablet with 500 times of dichlorvos, and then seal the wormhole with mud to kill the larva deep into the xylem.
3.4 Chemical control
From July to August, the adult emergence period and larval hatching period, on the branches below 1.5 m, sprayed with chlorpyrifos or 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin 3 000 times, smoked and killed larvae, sprayed after 10 days. 1 time to kill the newly hatched larvae.
3.5 Other methods of prevention
It can be controlled by swollen leg bees, gecko and entomopathogenic nematodes (25,000 per mL).
The red-necked beetle is seriously harmful to the cherry orchard. It is hoped that the fruit farmers can pay attention to it and do a good job in prevention and control to ensure that the sweet cherry can produce high yield and stability.
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