Leukemia is not a disease, genotyping contributes to the leukemia milestone study
Release date: 2016-06-13
Scientists at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and their international collaborators have confirmed that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not a disease but at least 11 different diseases, some Genetic alterations can explain the difference in survival between young AML patients. This groundbreaking study of AML genetics has the potential to improve some clinical trials and ways to diagnose and treat patients in the future, published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).
In this largest study, the researchers studied 1,540 AML patients who participated in some clinical trials. They analyzed more than 100 genes known to cause leukemia and identified the common genetic mechanisms behind the development of this disease.
The researchers found that patients were divided into at least 11 major groups, each with a different set of genetic changes and unique clinical features. Despite finding some common genetic mechanisms, the study also showed that most patients have a unique combination of genetic alterations driving their leukemia. This genetic complexity explains why the AML in patients shows so much survival.
A full understanding of the genetic makeup of patients with leukemia can greatly improve the ability to predict whether a patient will be cured by current therapies. This information can be used to design new clinical trials to develop the best therapies for each AML subtype, with the ultimate goal of bringing broader genetic testing to routine clinical applications.
Dr. Peter Campbell, co-leader of the study and the Sanger Institute at the Welkom Foundation, said: "This is the first time we have investigated in detail the impact of the genetic complexity of cancer on its clinical outcome. Two people may be suffering There are leukemias that look the same under the microscope, but we find that there is a wide variation between these leukemias at the genetic level. These genetic differences can explain that although the patient receives the same treatment, someone will be cured while the other person The reason for the inability to heal.
"We have confirmed that AML is an umbrella term for 11 different types of leukemia. We can now begin to decode these genetics to design clinical trials and develop diagnostic methods."
AML is an invasive blood cancer that affects people of all ages and usually requires several months of high-intensity chemotherapy in the hospital. It is formed in bone marrow cells.
The study shows that by adopting a comprehensive approach, scientists can understand the complex interactions between genetic changes seen in cancer and clinical outcomes of cancer. This requires a comprehensive genetic analysis of a large number of patients matching the treatment and survival details. Further research into leukemia and other cancers will enable researchers to understand the patterns of disease formation and how patients will respond to treatment.
Professor Hartmut D?hner, head of the hematology/oncology medicine at Ulm University and head of the German-Austrian AML research group, said: "This milestone study demonstrates the importance of international cooperation between academic institutions, clinical trials and large-scale research. These results are an important step in transforming existing research findings from molecular genetics into better disease classification, diagnosis, and better care for AML patients."
Dr. Elli Papaemmanuil, co-first author, from the Sanger Institute and Memorial Sloan Katelin Cancer Institute, said: "Leukemia is a global problem, and most patients have a poor prognosis. We combine detailed genetic analysis with patient health. Information to help understand the underlying causes of AML. For the first time, we will interpret the genetic complexity seen in most AML cancer genomes as a different evolutionary pathway leading to AML. By understanding these pathways, we can help develop for individual AML. More appropriate therapies. We are now expanding this research in other leukemias."
Source: Ebiotrade
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