New technology for planting and cultivating garlic
1. Environmental conditions. The garlic production base of the spotted shop town is far away from the urban mining area. The production environment of the product is free from harmful substances such as “three wastesâ€. The soil and water quality have been measured by the relevant departments for many times, and there is no pollution, pure atmosphere and good environmental protection. It is an ecological agricultural township in Tai'an.
2, fine land preparation. Shallow ploughing and hoeing, deep turning the cultivated land, increasing the living soil layer, reaching more than 25 cm, promoting deep rooting of the roots, which is conducive to the absorption of fertilizer and water. Combine with the land preparation, timely clean up the diseased plants, tiles, stones, broken waste film, etc., in order to reduce the source of pests and diseases, and optimize soil physical properties.
3. Fertilization technology. The application of fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is mainly used, and formula fertilization is selected. The fermented high-quality ring fertilizer is applied to the soil layer to increase the organic matter content. Fertilizer is used together with organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer, that is, 5000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre is added with 20 kg of diammonium phosphate and 60 kg of microbial fertilizer. The application is based on quick-acting fertilizers, which are applied during the growing season of garlic to supplement the required nutrients. In the "curl tip" of garlic cloves, combined with watering, 20 kg of urea per acre is applied. When the buds are differentiated in the next year, 40 kg of "301" garlic fertilizer is applied to the mu, and immediately after fertilization, 10 days before the harvest, the acre is applied. Fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) 15 kg to increase production and improve quality.
4, the application of the film. The application of mulching measures can effectively improve the temperature and temperature of small environments, and prevent the occurrence of pests such as blight and garlic.
5. Scientific watering. In the production of garlic, use non-polluting, clean and hygienic water, and watering in moderation.
6. Pest control. Based on the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive preventionâ€, focusing on biological control and physical control, chemical control is strictly in accordance with the requirements of pesticide use principles for pollution-free agricultural products. Active prevention and control, prevention and control of pests and diseases in the lowest range. The main pests and diseases are purple spot, epidemic disease, and smoked horses.
6.1 Physical control: The silver-gray membrane strips in the field are used to avoid mites, reducing the risk of aphid transmission and reducing the incidence of diseases.
6.2 Agricultural control: Select disease-resistant varieties according to local conditions; strengthen field management, adopt balanced fertilization technology based on organic fertilizers, enhance plant disease resistance; promptly remove field disease residues and avoid adjacent or continuous cropping with allium plants.
6.3 Chemical control: (1) Diseases: The main diseases of garlic are garlic purple spot and disease. It can be sprayed with 50% phorhin WP 1500 times, each time 20-30 g/mu, 2 times of use throughout the year, and the last use time is 10 days before harvest. (2) Pests: It can be sprayed with 25% Aikas emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times to control the smoked horses, 30-45 grams per acre, and the last use time is 15 days before harvest.
6.4 Prohibited agents: It is forbidden to use phorate (3911), ethion phosphorus, monocrotophos, parathion (1605), methyl isophosphorus, omethoate, dimethoate, aldicarb, insecticide, Pesticides such as dicofol, hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane powder, sodium fluoride, fluoroacetamide, thiram and other arsenic preparations.
Second, garlic cultivation technical regulations
1. Subject content and scope of adaptation. This regulation stipulates the pre-sow preparation, cultivation techniques, management of greening period, garlic moss and garlic formation period, and pest control.
2. Indicator requirements. (1) Production: Two crops per year, 400-500 kg of garlic moss and 2000-2500 kg of garlic. (2) Density: The number of acres of Soviet hybrid garlic is 26,000-30,000. (3) Quality: 80% of 5 cm or more, 15% of 4-5 cm, and less than 5% of 4 cm.
3. Main cultivation technical standards.
(1) Fine soil preparation, for hoe and base fertilizer. Choose a plot with fertile soil and good watering conditions, deep-turn the ridges around 20-25 cm, finely plan the ground, and apply enough base fertilizer. According to the size of the plot and the size of the film, a suitable flaw is formed.
(2) Sowing. 1 selection and processing of garlic. The size of the garlic cloves is closely related to the yield. The larger the garlic clove, the stronger the plant grows. Before planting, the garlic cloves are more fat, the meat is white, the disease is free, there is no mold, and no disability is used to grow garlic. If the size of the garlic cloves is not neat, it can be divided into three levels according to large, medium and small, and separately planted for management. In order to let the garlic grow out, it can be soaked in water. 2 seeding methods. The Soviet hybrid garlic is suitable for thin planting, which can be 1517 cm or 1616 cm according to the plant spacing, and the number of acres can be between 25,000 and 30,000. When planting, the orientation of garlic cloves should be the same. The backs of the petals should be consistent with the direction of the flowers. After the emergence, the garlic leaves are parallel and do not affect the light. After the sowing, the water is drenched, but not too large. After about 3-4 days, the film is covered and covered. Use a plate to press both sides into the deep soil, and do not press the soil on top.
(3) Field management. 1 seedling management. Gently tap with a broom when the buds are exposed, and let them eject the membrane. After emergence, individual hooks can be hooked out of the film, and the water can be poured once in the middle and late October. 2 management of the return period. After returning to the spring in spring, depending on the soil moisture, it can be poured back to the Qingshui water before and after the Ching Ming Festival, and the topdressing fertilizer is about 15 kg/mu of urea. In the future, the ground is often kept moist. The irrigation is stopped 3-4 days before harvesting the garlic moss, the fertilizer is stopped 10 days before the harvest, and the watering is stopped one week before the garlic harvest. 3 timely harvest and air drying. Mossy in time, not only the product texture is tender, but also save nutrients and promote the rapid expansion of garlic. When picking moss, try not to damage the leaves or cause the plants to fall, so as not to affect the manufacture and transportation of nutrients, and reduce the yield of garlic. 15 to 18 days after the moss, the leaves are yellow and the garlic is harvested when the pseudo stems are soft. Take the side of the garlic and cut the roots and thicken the air to the sun. When you are drying, avoid cutting the clay. In the field, press the garlic leaves and press the garlic head in one direction for 3-5 days, then tie or braid into the scorpion, and continue to dry on the supported herringbone frame. Note that the frame should be placed in a ventilated place, often flipped to the sun and dried. When you sell, cut the garlic from the garlic cloves.
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