Main Points of Mechanized Cultivation Techniques of Yuyou 4949 Regeneration Rice

This experiment introduced the mechanized planting performance and high-yield cultivation techniques of the hybrid rice cultivar Youyou 4949 in the Xiaonan District of Xiaogan City. The purpose was to find out the regeneration characteristics and yield under the mechanized planting conditions of the hybrid rice cultivar Yuyou 4949. Performance, in order to provide technical support for the large-scale promotion of japonica rice.

1 Basic conditions of test points

The experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Kangyou Family Farm, Maojian Township Demonstration Farm in Xiaonan District, Hubei Province, and Guanhu Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. in Xiaogang Town, Xiaonan District in 2017, hereinafter referred to as Mao Chenzhen and Xiaogang Town. .

The area of ​​the experimental plots of Mao Chenzhen in 2016 and 2017 is 0.67 and 13.33hm2, respectively. The soil type is paddy soil-fertility paddy soil-yellow brown soil Quaternary clay mud field, medium soil, medium fertility; Xiaogang In 2017, the experimental plot area of ​​the town was 8hm2. The soil type was the tidal sand field formed by the alluvial rivers of modern times. The texture was medium in the middle and the fertility was medium. The two experimental fields were used as winter leisure, and the whole process of mechanized reclaimed rice planting mode was adopted in the test season.

The harvest dates for rice sowing, transplanting, first season and regeneration season at each test site in 2016 and 2017 are shown in Table 1. All used mechanical transplanting, the amount of seeds used in Daejeon was 30kg/hm2, the planting distance was 12.0cm×30.0cm, and the average seedlings were inserted into 2~3 seedlings per hole.

Table 1 Different trial on-demand, insertion and harvest dates for 2016 and 2017

Both test sites were applied to the field fertilizer on April 20-22 of the same year, and the base fertilizer was applied to the fertilizer (26-10-15) 375 kg / hm2. The planting row spacing was 12.0 cm×30.0 cm, and the clustering was inserted into 2~3 grain valleys; the planting density was 278,000 蔸/hm2. 8~10 days after transplanting, each hectare was applied with rice special compound fertilizer (18-10-12) 150 kg, urea 75 kg, mixed herbicides for harvesting 900 g for tillering fertilizer; after rewatering in the field, differentiation in rice spikes During the period, the compound fertilizer (20-12-14) was applied to 75 kg per hectare; on August 7, 225 g of urea was applied per hectare as the regeneration season to promote germination; after harvesting for 2 to 3 days, the compound fertilizer was applied per hectare. (15-7-8) 300 kg for fertilization in the regeneration season.

2 climatic conditions

In the middle and late May 2016, the rain was more than sunny, and the sunshine was less conducive to the differentiation of young ears. The middle and late May to the middle of June were mainly sunny, from June 24 to July 15 with heavy rain, and Xiaogan City suffered four. Strong rainfall, the accumulated rainfall reached 781.2 mm or more, the precipitation intensity is large, the range is wide, and the damage is heavy. The crops in the northern mountainous area are seriously damaged by the rain and sand. The large area of ​​the southern low lake area is flooded by the waterlogging to the first season rice. And maturity has a greater impact. From July 22 to August 1, two consecutive high-temperature weather occurred from August 11 to August 20. From July 22nd to August 1st, 11d, the average daily temperature is 32.34 °C, the highest daily temperature is 36.77 °C, the average daily temperature is 28.3 °C; the average temperature from August 11 to August 20 is The average temperature is 32.48 °C, the highest daily temperature is 37.9 °C, and the average daily temperature is 28.97 °C. The long time span of high temperature and the occurrence of high temperature have exceeded 2010, which will produce certain growth and regeneration of regenerated buds of ratoon rice. influences. After the end of September, the temperature dropped, and there was more rain and rain, which was not conducive to the filling of reclaimed rice, and the maturity and harvesting period were postponed.

The high temperature and drought from mid-July to early August 2017 had a great impact on the germination and growth of regenerated shoots; from August 12 to 13, the small to moderate rain adversely affected the mechanical harvesting of the first season rice. After mid-August, the rainy weather alternates. The highest temperature is above 30 °C. The light is sufficient. There is no extreme high temperature and low temperature, and the weather such as strong wind and heavy rainfall is more conducive to the growth of reclaimed rice. In the middle and late September and the rainy weather in October, it is not conducive to the regeneration of rice in the reclaimed rice, which is not conducive to high yield of reclaimed rice. In November, it is mainly sunny, which is conducive to mechanical harvesting of reclaimed rice.

3 Agronomic characteristics of mechanized planting of Yuyou 4949 reclaimed rice

3.1 Growth period

The whole period of mechanized planting of Yanyou 4949 reclaimed rice in 2016 was 143 and 101 days in the main and regeneration seasons, respectively, and the total growth period was 244 days. In 2017, the average growth period of the main and regeneration seasons of the two test sites was 144.5 and 99.5 d, and the total growth period was 244 d. The average growth period of the two-year main season is 13 to 16 days longer than that of Xiaochang County in 2013 and 2015, Hanchuan City 2014 and Anlu City in 2015. It may be sensitive to temperature and sensitivity of the variety. related. Studies have shown that the use of japonica rice in the cultivation of ratoon rice in Hubei Province, the growth period of the first season rice can not exceed 147 d, the total growth period of the first season and the regeneration season does not exceed 223 d. It can be seen that the whole season mechanized planting of Yanyou 4949 regenerated rice is more suitable for the main season, and the regeneration season is slower due to the later filling rate, which leads to a slightly longer regeneration season and full growth period.

3.2 Agronomic and economic traits

Under the mechanized planting conditions of Yuyou 4949, the first season rice plants grew tidy, with compact plant type and plant height of about 115 cm. The leaves were green, the stems were strong and the lodging resistance was strong. It can be seen from Table 2 that the first tillering ability of Yanyou 4949 is medium and the rate of ear formation is high. The effective ear at the two test sites is 2.308 million/hm2; the ear type is larger, and the average number of grains per ear at the two test points is 185.1 granules; the average seed setting rate of the two test points was 92.54%; the average weight of the two test points was 24.95 g. The number of effective panicles per panicle, number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were 2,500,000/hm2, 120.0, 91.50% and 23.45 g, respectively.

Table 2 Yield factors of the first season and the regeneration season of Yuyou 4949 in 2017

3.3 First quarter and harvest season harvested production

Mechanical harvesting was carried out for the first test season and the regeneration season of the two trials. The single crop was collected and the impurities were removed. The moisture content of the Maogu was measured by a moisture meter, and the rice yield was calculated by calculating the water content to 14%. At the same time, the control varieties of the local ratooning rice at the two test sites were measured in the same way to compare the yield difference between the first season and the regeneration season of Shanyou 4949 and the local control varieties. The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Comparison of the yields of the first season and the regeneration season of Shanyou 4949 in 2017 and the local control varieties

The yield of Yanyou 4949 in the first test season was 9.66 and 9.07 t / hm2 respectively; the yield in the regeneration season was 6.56 and 5.36 t / hm2 respectively; the annual output was 16.22 and 14.33 respectively. t / hm2. The average of the first test season, the regenerative season and the annual production of the two test sites were 50.2%, 65.6% and 55.8% higher than the local control varieties, which could significantly increase rice yield.

3.4 Rice processing quality

At present, one of the key factors in production to restrict the whole process of mechanized planting mode of regeneration rice is to increase the yield of rice in the regeneration season, especially the low rate of whole milled rice, which affects the commodity rate of reclaimed rice. Through the test, the observation quality of the demonstration point Yuyou 4949 can reach 70% regardless of the first season or the regeneration season. The regenerated rice husks are shelled. Through finishing and polishing, the whole milled rice rate of regenerated rice reaches 57.9%, which is higher than the whole milled rice rate of most japonica rice.

3.5 Analysis of economic benefits

Maoyou Town Kangyou Family Farm's Shanyou 4949 has an output value of 51 286.0 yuan per hectare, and pearl glutinous rice is 27 697.0 yuan. The former is 23 589.0 yuan more than the latter; Yanyou 4949 has an increase of 21 024 per hectare. .05 yuan. The output value of Shanyou 4949 planted by Xiaogang Town Guanhu Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. is 51 756.5 yuan per hectare, Y Liangyou 9918 is 22 456.6 yuan, the former is 29 299.9 yuan more than the latter, and the benefit per hectare is increased 25 550.1 yuan (Table 4). It can be seen that in addition to showing obvious normal effects, the overall mechanized planting mode of Yanyou 4949 is also very effective.

Table 4 Economic Benefit Analysis of Yuyou 4949 and Control for Regeneration Rice Planting

4 cultivation techniques

4.1 First season rice management

4.1.1 When the Xiaogan City is promoted in time to promote the whole process of mechanized planting of the 4,999 reclaimed rice, the first season sowing period can be as early as March 10 to 15. The sowing date is early, and the harvesting period of the reclaimed rice can avoid the low temperature and reduce the low temperature belly white. Xie Hua'an [9] can extend the growth period by adjusting the sowing date to the beginning of March, thereby greatly increasing the dry matter production and the yield of reclaimed rice. The high-yielding climate is characterized by a substantial increase in the accumulated temperature in the first and regeneration seasons. Sunshine hours and solar radiation.

When planting, the field automatic seeder is used to carry out soil laying, sowing, covering soil and transportation operations on the track. On March 18-25, nylon small bow sheds can be used for wetting, and the age is controlled at about 25 days. At the same time, prevent seedling pests and diseases.

4.1.2 Appropriate close planting, the basic seedlings according to the geographical and climatic characteristics of Xiaogan City combined with the characteristics of Shanyou 4949, the tillering ability of this variety is medium, to ensure high yield in the first season and the reclaimed rice, the mechanical transplanting control density is 23.8~ 27.8 holes/m2, ensuring 2 to 3 gluten per hole. After the Qingming on April 5, the shed can be smelted and replanted according to the temperature. If the temperature is low, it is not advisable to transplant it too early, and the age can be delayed to about 35 days to prevent the occurrence of dead seedlings after transplanting.

4.1.3 Reasonable fertilization Youyou 4949 has many roots and strong, fertilization to re-apply base fertilizer, early chasing tiller fertilizer, and appropriate amount of panicle fertilizer. The ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is 1.0:0.4:0.9, and it is preferable to apply a special fertilizer for reclaimed rice. For moderately fertile rice fields, the amount of pure nitrogen is 195-240 kg / hm2, and the base fertilizer: tillering stage: panicle fertilizer = 5.0:2.5:2.5; phosphate fertilizer is used as base fertilizer; potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer: panicle fertilizer =5:5. After about 7 days of transplanting, the topdressing combined with weeding was carried out, and the herbicide was not applied after the young spikes were differentiated. In the winter leisure field, rapeseed can be planted as green manure.

4.1.4 Strengthen water management, scientific rice field first season rice with shallow water shallow insertion, field water layer 1 ~ 2 cm, tiller rice paddy water layer 2 ~ 3 cm. When the number of stems reaches 210-225 plants/m2 (10 per branch, fast seal), the principle of drying the field is that the surface has small cracks, white roots, and the feet are not trapped. . For the poor drainage of the low lake,

It is recommended to use a paddy trencher to open the furrows and trenches to facilitate the drying of the fields in the field and mature stages, in order to reduce the loss of rice piles caused by the crushing of the harvesters during the first season harvest. The young panicle differentiation period is 2 to 3 cm in the paddy field. After flowering, the plants were alternately wetted with dry and wet water, and the water was cut off 10 days before harvesting.

4.1.5 Strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, protect the stalks and protect the buds of rice cultivar 4949. The leaf mites should be prevented 2 to 3 times in the early stage of the disease, and the stalks should be protected at the heading stage, especially at the booting stage. (Breaking period) and the heading period are suitable for prevention and treatment. Pay attention to the prevention and control of rice smut. In the first season, spray 6 times of seedlings 450 mL and water 900 kg / hm2 once before heading 6 d and starting panicles. At the same time, attention should also be paid to the prevention and control of pests such as stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice planthopper and sheath blight.

4.1.6 The first season rice harvesting head season rice machine 10 days before the water cut off, keep the field dry and hard. It is best to harvest sunny harvest when 90% of the grain is yellow, and try to reduce the crushing of the rice pile.

4.2 Recovery season management

4.2.1 Apply appropriate amount of germination-promoting fertilizer at an appropriate time, and apply appropriate amount of germination-promoting fertilizer at the appropriate time to promote the development of regenerated shoots in the late first season and the rapid germination of regenerated shoots after harvest in the first season. The early regeneration seedlings have large leaf area, high photosynthetic rate, long leaf functional period and rich nutrient accumulation, which makes the effective ear, ear grain number and seed setting rate higher than that of late emergence, so the yield is also high.

The application time of Yanyou 4949 to promote germination was 15 to 20 days after the first season rice cultivar, and 120 kg of urea and 90 kg of potassium chloride per hectare. If the reclaimed rice special fertilizer package recently developed by Huazhong Agricultural University is adopted, the time for germination and fertilizer application can be advanced to the heading stage of the first season rice, and the fertilization amount per hectare is 300 kg.

The seedling fertilizer is applied within 3 days after the harvest of the first season rice, and the urea can be applied for 105-150 kg per hectare, or the special package for reclaimed rice-----

4.2.2 Harvesting in a timely manner, leaving medium and high piles Youyou 4949 The rice head season from flowering to maturity is more than 40 days. In order to fully exploit the yield potential of the variety, it is advisable to harvest sunny harvest when 90% grain yellow is ripe to ensure high yield. The height of the piles during harvesting can be adjusted according to the harvesting time. The height of the piles harvested before August 7th can be appropriately reduced, and the average height is about 35cm. The height of harvested piles from August 7th to August 15th is about 40cm. The high-quality piles should be harvested after August 15 to shorten the growth period of the regeneration season and ensure the high quality and stable yield of the reclaimed rice.

4.2.3 Moisture management The water management in the regeneration season is dominated by wet management. Especially after harvesting in the first season, attention should be paid to the use of dry and wet alternation to prevent the germination of regenerated shoots by reducing substances formed by straw rot.

4.2.4 Harvest season The harvest season is uneven. If the temperature is warmer and there is no need to vacate the land in the later stage, it can be harvested when most of the regenerated ears reach 90% of the grain.

The above is the whole process of the mechanized planting performance and high-yield cultivation techniques of the Yuyou 4949 reclaimed rice. It is only for the reference study of rice growers! More exciting content, please continue to pay attention to this site Huinong!

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