Medicinal Plants Yam Sprouts Wilt Disease
Symptoms Wilt of Chinese yam is commonly known as dead vines. The main damage stem base and underground roots. At the beginning of the stem, spindle-shaped wet rot brown patches appeared. After the lesions spread around, the entire epidermis of the stem rots, causing the upper leaves to gradually yellow and fall off. The vines rapidly wither, and the stem base is dissected and the disease area becomes brown. Roots become infected, round to irregular dark brown spots occur around the lenticels, and fine roots and yam roots on the lenticels turn brown, dry rot, and the entire yam becomes fine and brown. The disease can continue to expand during the storage period.
Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. Sp. Dioscoreae Wellman called Fusarium oxysporum, a fungus belonging to the fungus Amoeba. On the Dianthus brevifolia culture medium, the aerial mycelium is lush, the opposite side of the flora is colorless, flocculous, and the number of small conidia is large. It is produced on single-stemmed pedicel or shorter conidiophore, kidney-shaped and oval-shaped. To cylindrical, size 4-72.5-4 (μm); large conidiospores spindle or sickle-shaped, both ends pointed, with 3-4 diaphragms, individual 5; size of 3 diaphragms 22-404- 5(μm); chlamydospore globose, with l-2 cells, terminal or meristem, solitary or twin, connate.
Transmission routes and pathogenic conditions The pathogens survive in the soil. The conditions are appropriate, ie, the disease may occur. Hubei begins to occur in June, and Guangdong and Yunnan occur from July to September. After harvest, the yam with germs and the yams used for breeding can still be used. The onset of the disease continued until April of next year. High temperature and rain, low altitude, poor drainage, excessive nitrogen application, and soil acidity all contribute to the onset of disease. The disease is becoming increasingly serious. It is a potential threat and should be watched in production.
Prevention methods (1) Choose disease-free yam oysters for planting. If necessary, soaked with 10% Mancozeb WP wettable powder 1000 times 10-20 minutes before planting. (2) Apply 1:50 lime mortar pre-antiseptic rotting to the incision of Yamikoko before entering the pit. (3) Apply compost made from Japanese enzyme bacteria. (4) In the middle of June, spray 50% carbendazim WP 600-700 times or 70% Mancozeb dry powder 500 times, 50% phenanthrene WP 1500 times to spray stem base , every 15 days or so, a total of 5-6 times.
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