Talking about the feeding and management of layers in winter
1 insulation is the key
In general, the optimum temperature for laying hens is 16°C to 21°C. When the temperature is lower than 5°C, the egg production rate is decreased. If the temperature is lower than 0°C, the egg production is significantly reduced, and feed consumption is significantly increased. Therefore, cold winter measures should be taken to keep the temperature within the appropriate range.
1.1 Reducing the heat dissipation of the chicken house Open the house with insulation material such as foam board, tarpaulin, and plastic sheet to close the open part. The window can be sealed with double plastic cloth. The chicken house door should be draped with cotton or straw. The coop is the top of the cottage available slag, perlite and other thick insulation layer; the roof of the tile can be covered with a layer of straw; wind wall surface can be covered with plastic cloth, tarpaulin or hung straw curtain, can increase the temperature 3°C～5°C; Minimize ventilation in the premise of keeping fresh air in the house. The cold wind is easily blown from the doors, windows, wall joints, inlet and outlet ports, manure outlets, and drain outlets of the chicken house, so that the temperature inside the house is reduced, and the production of eggs is affected. Therefore, before the arrival of the winter, the chicken house should be inspected, all holes and gaps except for the ventilation holes should be repaired, baffles be added to the air inlet and outlet, and faucets and drains should be installed on the outlet.
1.2 Heating and keeping warm The chicken house or chicken house with poor heat insulation properties should be warmed and kept warm. The use of coal stoves, boilers, hot air heaters, fire pits and other equipment can be heated to maintain the proper temperature, and increase chicken production rate.
2 Intensive feeding management
2.1 Increase Energy Levels In winter, the temperature is low, and calories are consumed. The energy required to maintain body temperature increases. To meet the self-consumption of chickens and the need for egg production, the energy content in feed must be increased to 11.72 to 12.35 MJ/kg. Protein is maintained at 15% to 17%, and calcium content is maintained at 3.0% to 3.4%. In the formula can increase the proportion of animal feed, corn, wheat, broken rice, can also add appropriate amount of fat, appropriate to reduce bran, rice bran and other crude fiber feed, and according to the production of eggs to increase the diet.
2.2 Adjust the feed time. Feed the chickens as soon as possible after turning on the lights in the morning, feed the chickens before turning off the lights at night, and shorten the fasting time of laying hens on cold nights to ease the cold stress.
2.3 The supply of clean drinking water reduces the amount of drinking water in laying hens in winter, but insufficient drinking water will affect the production of eggs. You should feed dry materials, drink clean water, warm water or fresh deep well water, and avoid drinking leftover water, cold water, and iced residue water.
2.4 Maintaining constant light illumination has a catalytic effect on ovulation and egg production in laying hens, taking 16 hours per day. Natural light in winter is shorter than 12 hours and artificial light is needed. The method is: Hang a 40 watt light bulb in the chicken house, the light is 2 meters away from the ground, between the light and the light is about 3 meters, and every day before dawn and after sunset, make up half of the lack of light. Once the supplemental lighting time is determined, it is necessary to turn the lights on and off on time, persevere, and must not be interrupted.
2.5 On-time defecation Manure fermentation decomposes slowly in winter, and the broiler house is closed tightly. There will be a large amount of harmful gas in the house. Therefore, it is necessary to clear the manure on time and clear it once every 3 to 4 days.
2.6 Drainage The dehumidified chicken house is sealed in winter and has a small amount of ventilation and is easy to damp inside. Humid environment will reduce the temperature, and easy to secondary chicken respiratory disease, so the humidity should be maintained at 50% to 70%. The drinking water system should be regularly overhauled to avoid leakage of water from the pipes, drinking fountains, or sinks, and feed, causing increased humidity inside the house and increased heat dissipation from the chicken body. To ensure the smooth flow of water, sewage should be eliminated in a timely manner.
2.7 Ventilation and ventilation The closed chicken house in winter will produce a large number of harmful gases, such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc., which will cause strong stimulation to chickens and even induce chronic respiratory diseases such as infectious bronchitis and contagious laryngotracheitis. , chicken rhinitis, etc., so under the premise of insulation should pay attention to ventilation. The weather is usually open at the upper ventilation window. In cold weather, the ventilation window or ventilation fan can be opened for ventilation at noon. The duration of ventilation and the opening of the ventilation window are based on the flock density, indoor temperature, and weather conditions. The degree of stimulation of the harmful gas is determined. In addition, in order to effectively remove or reduce harmful gases such as ammonia in the house, the house can be sprinkled with calcium phosphate, 0.05 kg/m2 per week, or peracetic acid spray at a standard of 30 ml/m3. Times.
2.8 Elimination of inferior chickens In order to ensure that chickens have high production performance, we must timely eliminate the incidence, stop production, low-yield, disability, lean chickens and poor chickens with severe malnutrition, reduce feeding costs, and increase economic efficiency.
2.9 When the chickens in the late stage of the timely production of eggs are dying too much and the number of chickens in the house is small, they can be properly caged to facilitate feeding tubes and save energy and reduce consumption. In order to prevent chickens from causing cage stress and fighting, anti-stress drugs or immunopotentiators, such as instant multi-dimensional and astragalus polysaccharides, can be added before the cage. It is usually carried out in the evening at the same time, and at the same time, attention must be paid to observation, avoiding mutual misfortune, dead and wounded chickens.
3 Comprehensive prevention
In winter, the climate is cold and the house is closed. It is easy to cause air pollution, dusty feathers, manure and water flow, pathogenic microorganisms breed, breed, and cause multiple diseases of laying hens. Therefore, in order to strengthen the feeding and management work, we must do comprehensive prevention and treatment of diseases. .
3.1 Environmental Hygiene Wash the sinks, troughs and other utensils once a week, often scrub the walls, ceilings, cages, ceiling fans, and lighting systems to clean the feeding aisles to keep the environment clean.
3.2 Sterilization rodents should be strictly sterilized when entering the premises; regularly sterilize the environment, equipment, and utensils; sterilize the chickens 1 or 2 times a week; use a broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, low-toxicity, harmless, odorless 3 to 5 Disinfectants are used alternately, such as quaternary ammonium salts, chlorine preparations, etc. Dilution of water, preferably warm water, in the afternoon when the temperature is high, do not spray the body wet; drinking water disinfection when the drug concentration should be accurate; at the same time do a good job in the chicken house to eliminate pests, prevent rats from polluting the feed And spread the disease. Birds must be prevented from nesting around the yard.
3.3 Preventive health care Viruses such as bird flu, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis and other infectious diseases are prone to occur in winter and boosted once before winter. Antibiotics such as doxycycline, enrofloxacin, tylosin, florfenicol, Zhiyuanjing or traditional Chinese medicine preparations are added to the feed every 2 to 3 weeks.瘟 毒 毒 毒 毒 散 连 连 连 连 连 连 连 连 连 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 In the feed often add a variety of vitamins, can reduce stress, increase resistance and protect the respiratory mucosa.
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